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JUCHE IDEOLOGY.   Term Paper ID:20280 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Korean social/cultural/political/economic principles underlying Kim Il Sun's leadership.... More...

9 Pages / 2025 Words 8 sources, 33 Citations, MLA Format $36.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Korean social/cultural/political/economic principles underlying Kim Il Sun's leadership. Paper Introduction: The Juche Idea The origins of Kim Il Sun's political ideas may be traced to the circumstances of his early life and education and to the exigencies of the guerrilla struggle against the Japanese (Cotton 86). During his years with the anti-Japanese guerrilla movement, Kim was under the control of the Chinese Communist Party. Kim's major claim to originality is based on his use of the term juche. The term itself is general enough to admit of a number of connotations, permitting the leadership to describe most practical policies as consistent with the regime's ideological tenets. It is also a term with strong nationalist overtones that simultaneously serves a multiplicity of purposes. The notion that Koreans could build through their own efforts a technologically and socially advanced society undoubtedly appeals Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Another starting point is that a revolution should becarried out not by anyone's approval or instruction but by one's ownconvictions and on one's own responsibility and that all problems arisingin the revolution should be solved in an independent and creative way (KimJong Il 7). Kim Il Sung will die in the199 s, if not before, and his system with him. But the greaterthe self-confidence in their own ability to attract, infiltrate, and seizecontrol of the Republic of Korea, the less will be their reliance oninternational integrative relationships (Paige 52). Works CitedCotton, James. Developing a revolutionary theory with the working people at the center isa requirement of revolutionary movements in the Juche age. Nationalists dividedthemselves in different groups and began to bicker, turning to big powers,instead of thinking of struggling by drawing on the forces of the popularmasses (Sung, On the Korean People's Struggle 8). The revolutionary world outlook of the working class had beenestablished by Marxism for the first time, and it was developed by theJuche idea onto a new, higher plane for its perfection (Kim Jong Il 75-76). Agriculturaldevelopment does not require very sophisticated techniques. If Third Worldcountries exchange their techniques, they can solve many problems indeveloping agriculture (Sung, On the Korean People's Struggle 47). imperialists towithdraw from South Korea. Korea could not develop and becamebackward (Sung, On the Korean People's Struggle 7). Modelling the Korean society on the Juche Ideameans building a communist society by maintaining this idea as a guidelineand applying it. These tasks are to be accomplished by fullydeveloping Korean techniques. There can be no other formula (Sung, On the Korean People'sStruggle 18). Creativity is an attribute of social people, who transform the worldand shape their destiny purposefully and consciously. The Juche Idea is applicable to Korean contemporary life because,rather than mechanically applying tactics developed in other countries toKorean problems, the Juche Idea draws from the Korean experience. Within Korea, the struggle against U.S.imperialism is a major revolutionary task, and the people take active partin the struggle to check and frustrate the U.S. The notion that Koreans could build throughtheir own efforts a technologically and socially advanced societyundoubtedly appeals to the aloofness, pride and dislike of outsiders to befound in the political culture (Cotton 87). When Chajusong isreferred to as people's life and soul, it means social and politicalintegrity. Its political charactercould be diverse: pro-Soviet, pro-Chinese, or neo-Juche nationalist (Foster-Carter 8 ). But more than a century has passed since TheCommunist Manifesto, and capitalism remains in England (Sung, On the KoreanPeople's Struggle 16-17). Kim's major claim to originality is based on hisuse of the term juche. Failing to achieve national reunification of the "two Koreas" wouldbe committing a crime against history and the generations to come. North Korea: Her Past, Reality and Impression. The 198 s are thetwilight years of Kim Il Sung and of Kimilsungism. Both man and systemalike are showing intimations of mortality. In order to build communism, people and society must betransformed as required by the Juche idea and capture both the ideologicaland material fortresses of communism. Consciousness guarantees the Chajusong and creativity ofpeople, social beings, and ensures their purposeful cognition and practice(Kim Jong Il 11). People have physical lives and social and political integrity.The physical life is what keeps a person alive as a biological organism;social and political integrity is what keeps a person alive as a socialbeing (Kim Jong Il 1 ). Only when the whole world is independent can a new global war beprevented (Sung, On the Korean People's Struggle 41-42). The Juche Idea is not a mechanical copy of Marxism but its creativedevelopment which suits the reality of today. Thishas contributed to a rise in unemployment, which has usually preceded theoutbreak of war. The Korean revolution, which opened the age of Juche, could notadvance even a step forward unless it was conducted in an independent andcreative way from the start (Kim Jong Il 6). By virtue of theircreativity, people transform nature and society to be more useful andbeneficial to them by changing the old and creating the new (Kim Jong Il 1 -11). Marx advanced hisrevolutionary theories on the basis of the analysis of capitalist societywhile working in developed capitalist countries like Germany and England.He considered that revolutions would break out continuously in the majorcapitalist countries of Europe and predicted that communism would triumphssoon on a worldwide scale. 158). While other countries were experiencing the industrial revolution,the Korean feudal rulers were engrossed in factional strife and would notdevelop their country. Theeconomy, which once was dynamic, is now stagnant. On the Juche Idea. When this is done fully, arduous labor willbe basically eliminated in both town and country, and the class differencebased on working conditions between the city and factory workers and thepeasantry will be eliminated (Sung, Juche! The present international situation urgentlydemands the realization of global independence. Consciousness is an attribute of social people which determines alltheir endeavors to understand and reshape the world and themselves.Because they have consciousness, people understand the world and the lawsof its motion and development and reshape and advance nature and society asthey desire. True internationalism calls for independence(Sung, Juche! A major factor in the changes that have taken place has beenthe influence of modern nationalism: a widespread desire to reject foreigninterference in Korean affairs, to revive Korean cultural pride, and toreceive international respect. Theindependence that Korea upholds in external activity does not conflict withproletarian internationalism. The Juche Idea, which places people aboveanything else and regards people as the most powerful beings, and theJapanese capitalist system, which ignores people, represent the twoextremes. Kim IlSung states that most important in reunifying Korea is replacing theArmistice Agreement with a peace agreement and forcing U.S. It is people who build socialismand communism. Chajusong is an attribute of socialpeople, who are desirous of living and developing in an independent way asmasters of the world and their own destiny. As long as a communistparty-state remains viable in North Korea, as long as a viable non-communist alternative remains in the South, and as long as the antagonismsthat sparked the Korean War endure, any communist leadership group inPyongyang can be expected to maintain at least the minimum integrativerelationships within an international communist system. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Korean Studies, 1978.Paige, Glenn D. The Juche Idea is the Marxism-Leninism of the present day, which hashighly developed Marxist-Leninist theory as well as the theories andtactics of the international communist movement in an era in which moribundcapitalism--imperialism--is overthrown and the society in which the massesof the people are made its masters is built, in an era in which worldrevolution is carried out by the communists and the masses of each countryfrom the standpoint of Juche, on the basis of independence of each nationand each people (Yasunobu 9-1 ). People are beings with Chajusong,that is, independent social beings. Stanford, CA:Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, 1966.Yasunobu, Kuriki. The aimis to get rid of the distinctions between light and heavy labor and betweenagricultural and industrial work and to free the women from the heavyburden of household chores. At present, capitalistcountries, particularly the developed capitalist countries, are undergoingserious economic crises, including those of fuel and raw materials. Reformists in Korea attempted to carry outbourgeois reforms and the industrial revolution but failed under thesuppression of the feudal rulers. The influence of nationalism undoubtedlyhas increased because of the unprecedented involvement of the population inpolitical organization. Capturing the material fortressalone cannot build a communist society. For instance, the United States prevents the Latin-American countriesfrom investing in agricultural development and forces them to buy Americancereals. London: Frank Cass, 86-1 1.Foster-Carter, Aidan. On the Korean People's Struggle to Apply the Juche Idea.Pyongyang, Korea: Foreign Languages, 1983.Kim Il Sung. Historically, many flunkeyists emerged among thefeudal rulers toward the end of the Li dynasty, the last feudal state inKorea. There are three essential features of people as social beings:Chajusong, creativity and consciousness (Kim Jong Il 1 ). London: Frank Cass, 64 85.Kim Jong Il. The Juche viewpoint and attitude to the world are truly revolutionaryin that they enable people to transform the world and shape their destinyindependently, creatively and consciously, with a high degree of awarenessthat they are masters of the world and their own destiny (Kim Jong Il 13).A starting point of the Juche idea is that the masters of the revolutionare the masses of the people and that, when one goes among them to educateand mobilize them, one will be able to register victory in the revolution(Kim Jong Il 5). The Korean government formulates foreign policy on the basis ofJuche, and all its external activities are guided by this concept. Capitalism, by nature, is the system of inhuman exploitation andself-estrangement under which money, machinery and the like are respectedmore than people and regarded as powerful beings (Yasunobu 1 ). He developed the slogan that "rice issocialism" (Sung, On the Korean People's Struggle 45). Itis also a term with strong nationalist overtones that simultaneously servesa multiplicity of purposes. Kim Il Sung states that global independence means thatall countries of the world advance thoroughly on the road of independence,without being subjugated or enslaved to any great powers or dominantforces. In our time,when the working masses have established themselves as the masters of theworld and when revolutionary struggles are being waged with a far-reachingscope on the strength of their consciousness of independence andcreativeness, the principles and laws of revolutionary movements can beelucidated correctly only by developing a revolutionary theory with theworking people at the center (Kim Jong Il 77). To free the people from back-breaking labor, there are threemajor tasks of the technical revolution that must be accomplished. "North Korea: The End of the Beginning." Communism and Reform in East Asia. Kim Il Sung, president ofthe Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the founder of the JucheIdea, said there can be no immutable formula in making revolution. Juche! There is speculation that the Juche system is floundering. Towards a United, Independent Korea. The term itself is general enough to admit of anumber of connotations, permitting the leadership to describe mostpractical policies as consistent with the regime's ideological tenets. The most important problem the Third World countries must solveimmediately in attaining economic independence is to develop agriculture soas to be self-sufficient in food (Sung, On the Korean People's Struggle45). The kind of nationalism permitted in North Koreaemphasizes the autonomy and self-reliance of the communist partystate andrejects the idea of political or economic subordination in a communistinternational system (Paige 5 -51).. On the strength of thisquality, people throw off the fetters of nature, oppose social subjugationin all forms and put everything at their own service (Kim Jong Il 1 ).Chajusong is the life and soul of people, social beings. If the Americans conclude a peace agreementwith North Korea and withdraw from South Korea, the Korean people will beable to reunify the country peacefully by their own efforts (Sung, On theKorean People's Struggle 38). Originally, Japan developed underthe impact of the Korean culture. The Juche principle of Kim Il Sung, a Korean counterpart of China'sMaoism, is one which embodies nationalism mixed with Marxism (Nahm 23).Kim Il Sung defines Juche as an idea that means the people themselves arethe masters of the revolution and construction; they are the motive forceto carry both to success. 155). Ifthere is any formula that must be observed in revolution, it is that oneshould think of everything with one's own brain and deal with it by one'sown effort. Juche means that one is responsible for one'sown destiny, that we, as a people, have the capacity to shape our owndestiny (Juche!, 149). "World Historic Significance of the Juche Idea." TheWorld Historic Significance of the Juche Idea (Essays and Articles).Pyongyang, Korea: Foreign Languages, 1975.----------------------- 11 At the time, the flunkeyists were grouped into pro-Qing (Chinaunder the Qing dynasty), pro-Russian and proJapanese factions. The Juche Idea The origins of Kim Il Sun's political ideas may be traced to thecircumstances of his early life and education and to the exigencies of theguerrilla struggle against the Japanese (Cotton 86). At the same time, fear of the power of the American-supportedRepublic of Korea means dependence on communist political and militaryalliances, which conflicts with the Juche Idea. They take shapeand develop socially and historically. The Juche's ideology consisted of the principles of independence inthought, self-reliance in efforts, and selfsufficiency in economy whichconstitute the foundation and the spirit of the Korean revolution (Nahm23). The pro-Qing faction, with the Qing's backing, tried to introduce the Qing'sideology and culture into Korea, the pro-Russian faction tried to draw inthe forces of Russia with Russian support, and the pro-Japanese faction theforces of Japan with Japanese backing. Regarding the anti-imperialist struggle, thegovernment of the Republic is doing its part in this independently, to suitthe situation existing in Korea. Some nationalists triedto achieve Korea's independence with the backing of such countries asChina, the Soviet Union and Japan, but lacked the foresight to draw on themasses of the Korean people for the answer (Sung, On the Korean People'sStruggle 8). Pyongyang, Korea: Foreign Languages, 1982.Kim Il Sung. 158). Itencourages the people to learn from good foreign experience, but "chew" itand see whether or not it suits the specific situation of Korea and theinterests of the Korean revolution; if it is acceptable to the Korean"stomach," it should be swallowed; but, if not, it should be spit out(Sung, On the Korean People's Struggle 15). During the development of theJuche idea, its founder, Kim Il Sung, sought to apply it to the Koreanrevolution while also struggling against flunkeyism (Sung, On the KoreanPeople's Struggle 6). The Korean people have been emancipated from exploitation andoppression, and now the important goal is to free them from unnecessarilyheavy work. During his years withthe anti-Japanese guerrilla movement, Kim was under the control of theChinese Communist Party. "Ideology and the Legitimation Crisis in North Korea."Communism and Reform in East Asia. vicious power struggles mayensue, and a military coup is quite conceivable. Without remolding their ideological consciousness through avigorous struggle to capture the ideological fortress, the materialfortress also fails (Sung, On the Korean People's Struggle 19-2 ). Melbourne, Australia: New Democratic, 1973.Nahm, Andrew C. What Kim Il Sung did for Korea was to find the crop which was mostprevalent and easy to grow in Korea. The Korean People's Democratic Republic. imperialist policies ofaggression and war (Sung, Juche! If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.