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PRESCHOOL EDUCATION.   Term Paper ID:23974 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Pros & cons. Short- & long-term effects on children, role of parents & teacher, economics, examples.... More...

7 Pages / 1575 Words 5 sources, 21 Citations, APA Format $28.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Pros & cons. Short- & long-term effects on children, role of parents & teacher, economics, examples. Paper Introduction: The age at which formal schooling should begin has been a subject of continuing debate. One side of the debate says that longitudinal research proves the benefit of preschool education, while the other side contends that early education serves the daycare needs of adults more than it does the needs of children. This paper will examine both sides of the debate from the above, and several other, angles. School age readiness continues to be at the forefront of educational debate because the number of young children in preschool has steadily increased over the past 20 years and is expected to continue to rise (DelCampo, 1995, p. 198). On the one hand, children have an innate curiosity and enjoy playing with other children from an early age. This fact indicates that preschool attendance is beneficial; on the other hand, however, Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Inother words, the child's innate ability provides the readiness to learn,and the environment provides the stimuli which increase the child's chancesfor successful learning. Some of these "experts" [Myers' quotes] contend that the most beneficial setting for a child to fully develop in terms of early education is in the home where [the child is] able to interact one-on-one with a parent in a comfortable setting (p. 2 9). Such measures are part of the president's plans to reform welfareprograms in general, and policy-makers are counting on preschool programsto pay off in the long term, just as Schweinhart and Weikart (1993, citedin DelCampo & DelCampo, 1995, p. This point is in keeping with a holistic perspective thatthe "whole child" is better nourished through parental bonding. The High/Scope Perry study showed the longitudinal effects ofpreschool on young adults to the age of 27 (as of 1993). By virtue of an experimental design rarely achieved in research of this type, this study reveals that high-quality, active-learning programs for young children living in poverty return $7.16 for every dollar invested, cut in half participants' crime rate through age 27, significantly increase participants' earnings and property wealth as adults, and significantly increase participants' commitment to marriage (Schweinhart, Barnes, & Weikart with Barnett & Epstein, 1993, cited in DelCampo & DelCampo, 1995, p. She notes the research done bythe Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, whose president,Ernest Boyer, has long advocated greater investment in services and qualityprograms for infants and young children. In other words, peopleshould not channel 4-year-olds into a rigid curriculum of math, science,and reading when they should be in the business of having fun through self-directed activities. If people are going to turn children over to some sort of formalschooling at earlier and earlier ages (age 4 is generally considered a headstart), people should be well-informed about the qualifications of thepeople who will be working with their children. 35.----------------------- 3 A report in Education Digest on an article in High/Scope Resource(Vol. Some of the detrimental effects of preschoolon a child who is not ready include the following: stress ("a demand foradaptation") potentially resulting in fatigue, loss of appetite, decreasedefficiency, headaches, and stomach ache; alienation from the primary familyunit; and fear of failure (Myers, 1993, p. (1995). 13, No. The argument against educating young children has less to recommendit statistically, and the argument speaks in broad, holistic terms, muchlike the Goals 2 language. Myers (1993, cited in DelCampo &DelCampo, 1995, p. 35). Education Digest,6 (6), p. As recently as March 26, 1997, the Los AngelesTimes reported on President Clinton's efforts to expand Head Start programsso that children get to spend more time each day in such programs. Myers (1993) even goes so far as to say that parents who subjecttheir children to preschool are looking out for their own interests(supervised daycare) more so than they are the real interests of theirchildren. Myers (1993) bolsters his argument with the following contention: There are many people in the field of early education [he does not name them] that believe children should not begin their education at age 5 but should wait until age 8 or later! ReferencesCalifornia State Department of Education. Myers (1993) makes a forceful argument when he states, "We should notallow social, political, or economic considerations to cloud our minds whenit comes to the education of our youth" (p. 61). 2 9) argues that subjecting young children to formal schoolingsubjects them to undue stress away from their immediate families, and forthis reason alone it should be avoided. Ready to learn? Are they using preschool as a form ofdaycare rather than confronting their own responsibilities to educate theirchildren? Too many variables are involved to make a generalizationother than the one stated above: if people are going to turn over theeducation of our children to others, they need to be well informed. 2 3) According to a California School Readiness Task Force study (1988),preschool success is gained in the following circumstances: The child is given opportunities to engage in hands-on manipulation of materials within a rich and stimulating environment structured by a teacher trained in early childhood education. C. All states monitorcertificated teaching personnel as part of the K-12 infrastructure, butpeople must be equally careful to register and certify those who wouldteach their 4-year-olds. [In this structured environment], the child will develop more abstract thought and be capable of successful interaction within a learning setting (California State Department of Education, 1988, p. The High/Scope article goes on to acknowledge that, while in somecountries virtually all 4-year-olds are cared for at home, in Belgium andHong Kong nearly all children attend organized programs in preschools orchild care centers (Tice, 1995, p. On the one hand, children have an innatecuriosity and enjoy playing with other children from an early age. The age at which formal schooling should begin has been a subject ofcontinuing debate. 61). (1992). (1997). American children would benefit from the added boost thatpreschool could offer. A29.Lewis, A. This paper will examine both sides of the debatefrom the above, and several other, angles. 3).The key to success in an early education setting involves a carefullystructured interaction of a child's innate ability and the environment. Clinton seeks Head Start enhancements. L., & DelCampo, D. S. Clearly, the above federal (Goals 2 ) and private foundation(Carnegie Foundation) studies support the findings of the High/Scope Perrypreschool study. Four-year-olds around the world. Myers (1993, cited in DelCampo & DelCampo,1995, p. In addition, he says that the parent-child interaction of theearly formative years is all-important and may be impossible to recapturelater (p. Here they come:Ready or not: Report of the school readiness task force.Sacramento: California State Department of Education.DelCampo, R. The article does not attempt tojustify High/Scope's position; rather, it offers the reader a chance toobtain information about the project and its information-gatheringprocedures. (1995). 21 ) states his case in the following passage: Let [children] investigate the world around them at their own pace and let them ask questions [in the family environment]. Myers (1993) cites the work of David Elkind, author of "FormalEducation and Early Childhood Education: An Essential Difference", inorder to note several reasons that people should not be so quick to forceformal education on children. 212). Los AngelesTimes, 26 March 1997, p. Myers' (1993) contentions regarding readiness for school are well-taken, because they appeal to the ideal of letting children be children; inother words, a happy child is a child who will be open and receptive to theworld of learning, at whatever developmental rate the self dictates. The report estimates that atleast a third of American children enter school unprepared to learn andnotes a survey of teachers which found that 42 percent of them believechildren are entering school less prepared than their counterparts justfive years ago, in 1987 (Lewis, 1992, p. The answers to these questions must rest on the individualconsciences of parents. One side of the debate says that longitudinal researchproves the benefit of preschool education, while the other side contendsthat early education serves the daycare needs of adults more than it doesthe needs of children. Taking sides: Clashingviews on controversial issues in childhood and society. 2 ) By quantifying the long-term benefits to young adults who receivedpreschool education over a long period, the authors of the High/Scope Perrystudy added credibility to the claims of early education advocates thatpreschool has lasting positive effects on both the individual and society.In essence, it pays for itself in terms of long-term benefits. Thisadded daily boost is expected to bolster the gains already being made byHead Start programs. Thisfact indicates that preschool attendance is beneficial; on the other hand,however, attendance at a preschool means that children must be separatedfrom parents and placed in a setting that is foreign to them. 198). Should they be spendingmore time with their children? In addition, sometimes parents and family members might do a betterjob of educating their children than school personnel; on the other hand,sometimes parents may not be as well equipped to handle the education oftheir children. 21 ). A well-run preschool has the following long-term benefits: (1) savings in schooling, primarily due to reduced need for special education services and despite added college costs for preschool- program participants; (2) increased taxes paid by preschool-program participants because they had higher earnings; (3) savings in welfare assistance; (4) savings in the criminal justice system; and (5) savings on in-court and out-of-court settlements for would-be victims of crimes. 61-62.Tice, T. (DelCampo & DelCampo, 1995, p. Lewis (1992) reports on the role of early education in Goals 2 , anational program aimed at making substantial progress on improving U.S.public schools by the year 2 . The followingpassage demonstrates the importance of the High/Scope Perry study: [The study] has more than ever to say about the importance to society of doing early childhood education programs right. (1988). N. 21 ). 3, Summer 1994 issue) reports that a 1 -year, 15-nation studyrevealed that "the United States mother serves children for the longesttime during their 16 waking hours--1 hours and 42 minutes" (Tice, 1995, p.35). School age readiness continues to be at the forefront of educationaldebate because the number of young children in preschool has steadilyincreased over the past 2 years and is expected to continue to rise(DelCampo, 1995, p. 21 ). When the time comes to learn math, science, and reading, a child who has had the chance to learn and achieve success on their own is more likely to be successful in the classroom than a child who has already experienced failure in the classroom (p. Guilford:Dushkin Publishing Group.Healy, M. In her report, Lewis (1992) notes thatGoals 2 defines school readiness in broad, holistic terms, rejecting thenotion of a single measure, such as a test, in determining a child'spreparation for formal schooling (p. Heforces people to confront their own agendas with regard to their hurriedlives in an era of two-working-parent families. In fact, as the Times article indicates, "For thefirst time in the program's 32 year history, the federal government hasunveiled a plan to use Head Start 'expansion funds'--traditionally designedto increase the number of children enrolled in the program--to expand thelength and duration of some centers' programs instead" (Healy, 1997, p.A29). Education Digest, 57(6), pp. 2 3) predicted they would (see: "Savingsin welfare assistance"). If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.