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SHORT STORIES OF FAULKNER.
Term Paper ID:24102
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Essay Subject:
Role of the past, the Old South & slavery in "A Rose for Emily," "Barn Burning" & "That Evening Sun."... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
3 sources, 5 Citations,
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Paper Abstract: Role of the past, the Old South & slavery in "A Rose for Emily," "Barn Burning" & "That Evening Sun."
Paper Introduction: William Faulkner was one of the leading novelists of this century, and he drew upon his own town of Oxford, Mississippi for his stories, his setting, and his themes. The Civil War was the defining moment in history for the South, and the fact that the South had lived by slavery before that was an indictment of the old families of the South and a reason for the people of the new South to atone. The heavy hand of the past can be seen as having a hold on the present in stories such as "That Evening Sun," "Barn Burning," and "A Rose for Emily," and in each case Faulkner infuses the story with a political and social structure related to the slave-owning past of the South and showing the effect of that past on the present. Jean-Paul Sartre noted the way Faulkner treated past and present:
The past here gains a surrealistic quality; its outline
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Emily may have separated herself from much of thetown, but still she lives as if in a goldfish bowl. To Emily, the world of the pastremains alive and real, while to the people of the present, the past issomewhat unreal and clearly dead. At the sametime, her social position requires a certain sort of match to satisfy thetown, and Homer Barron does not fit the bill: "Of course a Grierson wouldnot think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer" (Abrams 2 47).Ultimately, though, a marriage with any man is better than no marriage atall: "Then we were sure that they were to be married. . (ed.). Sartoris gave his word to her, and that wordshould be inviolate through all time. Some characters are forced into a position of courage. Crowell's Handbook of William Faulkner. Works CitedAbrams, M.H. Nancy is the black woman theyhire when their own maid, Dilsey, is ill, and her growing fear of herhusband becomes an ongoing point of tension in the Compson household.There is no social justice in the world that the slave era has left behind. The Norton Anthology of American Literature (Shorter Fourth Edition). Emily is a woman who is separated from herneighbors by a terrible secret, and the mere fact that she is so separatedcreates a tension between herself and her neighbors. The Civil War was the defining moment in historyfor the South, and the fact that the South had lived by slavery before thatwas an indictment of the old families of the South and a reason for thepeople of the new South to atone. Justice is equally uncertain and elusive in "Barn Burning." TheSnopes family is very different from the Compsons and stands at the otherend of the social scale. The boy in "Barn Burning" has to be brave and face the truthabout his father and his father's role in the war as well as in thepresent, and the boy shows real courage by trying to do just that. New York: Thomas Y, Crowell, 1964.----------------------- 6 The past of the Old South is a study incontrasts. Jean-Paul Sartre noted the way Faulkner treated past and present: The past here gains a surrealistic quality; its outline is hard, clear, and immutable. Jesus is such aman, and his name is an ironic comment on his demonization by Jason Compsonand others in the community, as well as by his wife. In each of these stories, the individual is defined by the society ofwhich he or she is a part, and there is little shifting of roles. They are watched;they are chased off; they are the first ones authorities come to whensomething is wrong. The effect of this story differs fromthat of many of Faulkner's stories because it is so dependent on shock inthe final line. Jesus seems to be thedevil incarnate, and he has Nancy so frightened she first cannot movewithout protection and then seems to give up and await her fate with thedoor open. Each individual is expected to behave in a certain way.In truth, those who behave badly, such as Jesus or Snopes, have beenperceived as on the verge of doing badly since birth. Faulkner writes here about a time when people could still rememberthe Civil War and its aftermath, and the society of that time and placewanted to hold on to certain traditional verities as long as possible.Women were still being judged by attitudes prevalent in the Old South, andEmily lives up to the social rules of the time in public, always doing whatis right, withdrawing to avoid scandal or talk, and continuing to keepherself away from prying eyes as a spinster should do. There are other guardians of the past in the story, such as ColonelSartoris and the Board of Aldermen, who accept the Colonel's attitudetoward Emily and rescind her taxes. . Her father'sdeath is another sort of abandonment. The new Board of Aldermen are forced to come to Emilywhen they want to try to collect her taxes. The boy in the family has illusions about thepast of his family, illusions passed on to him by his father. In this sort ofatmosphere, there is little for her to do once it appears she has beenabandoned except to withdraw. William Faulkner. In allcases, the past of slavery has shaped the world in which they live and sothe actions they can take in that world. Once she alsodecides that Homer is not worthy of her, she eliminates him just asruthlessly as her father might have done. Nancy tries to kill herself in her jail cell, and when the guard cuts herdown, he also beats her. On the one hand it is built on the sin of slavery, but at thesame time it is imbued with a certain nobility and morality that is quitedifferent from the sensibilities of the present. Some critics see the story as limited because "finally itcalls our attention not to its represented material but to the canny skillwith which Faulkner manipulates it" (Howe 265). She refuses to admit thather father is dead, for instance, and she also refuses to recognize thedeath of Colonel Sartoris. The degree to which these maleleavings tie Emily to the past is viewed one way by the town when she isalive and quite another way once the townspeople learn the truth, but inboth cases it is the past that determines Emily's course for the rest ofher life. Emily has frozen time bysimply refusing to acknowledge that time passes. We were reallyglad" (Abrams 2 48). Each individual is defined by race, social class, andeconomic status. Her father had chased away all her suitors,and now this new man has apparently abandoned her as well. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1975.Tuck, Dorothy. She does sway when she is about to marry Homer Barron, who was notthe sort of man who would have been accepted by her father. The indefinable and elusive present is helpless before it; it is full of holes through which past things, fixed, motionless, and silent, invade it (Tuck xiv). Norton, 1995.Howe, Irving. Behind this facade,however, is a very different reality, a reality of murder and revenge. The heavy hand of the past can be seenas having a hold on the present in stories such as "That Evening Sun,""Barn Burning," and "A Rose for Emily," and in each case Faulkner infusesthe story with a political and social structure related to the slave-owningpast of the South and showing the effect of that past on the present. New York: W.W. In "That Evening Sun," the Compson family may consider itself moreenlightened than its neighbors, but members of the family also have to livewith the legacy of slavery and the past. William Faulkner was one of the leading novelists of this century,and he drew upon his own town of Oxford, Mississippi for his stories, hissetting, and his themes. Husband and wife are at each other's throats in both the whiteand the black world, but in the black world this leads to physicalviolence, while in the white world it is more likely to be emotionalviolence such as is inflicted by the Compson's on one another. In many ways, "A Rose for Emily" is unusual for Faulkner. She is arrested, and when she challenges a localwhite man for not paying her for her sexual favors, he beats her as well.The black women in the community seem to do all the work, while the blackmen have been emasculated and left to their own devices. The people of thetown view Emily as a person who is not a complete human being. The conflict between past and presentis indicated in the change in government in the town: When the next generation, with its more modern ideas, became mayors and aldermen, this arrangement created some little dissatisfaction (Abrams 2 44).Emily lives in the past, and she maintains the past in her home and neverleaves that home. In this story, the pastis represented by Emily herself, the last representative of her proudfamily, carrying on certain traditions and keeping a certain face to thepublic. He said hewas trying to write a ghost story, which would make it very different fromthe realism of his novels. TheCompsons are the Compsons, and the Snopes are the Snopes, and the Griersonsare the Griersons, just as the blacks have one position in society and thewhites another. Nancy's fears ultimately give way to resignation, perhaps itself a form ofcourage. The fatherlives with a sense of righteousness about his own actions that is quitefalse, and when the court forces him to pay for Major De Spain's rug,Snopes finds "justice" in his own way, by burning the barn. Thestory involves time in a symbolic way and is structured to represent aclash between past and present.
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