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MOTHER TERESA.   Term Paper ID:25054 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Life, charitable works, impact, criticism of Yugoslavian nun.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Life, charitable works, impact, criticism of Yugoslavian nun. Paper Introduction: This paper is an examination of the life, works, and impact of Mother Teresa, founder of the Missionaries of Charity, an order of the Catholic Church based in Calcutta, India, which is dedicated to caring for the poor and the dying of all religions. Born to a middle-class family in what is now Macedonia, the former Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu became a nun when she was 18, dedicating her life to work among the poor of India. At 36, she felt called to leave her orders and found her own congregation to minister to the most desperately ill. Her work gradually came to international prominence, and, in 1979, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Although she was hailed throughout the world as a living saint, she also attracted critics for her complete acceptance of the doctrines of the church, including her total opposition to abortion and birth control. In the final years Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Her parents were Nikola Bojaxhiu, a building contractor and wholesalefood importer, and Dranafile Bernai. At 36, she feltcalled to leave her orders and found her own congregation to minister tothe most desperately ill. By the mid-199 s, she had established close to 5 missions in 1 countries; the Missionaries of Charity operates centers from Venezuela toSri Lanka, Tanzania, Rome, and Australia, where a mission house ministersto aborigines. On September 1 , 1946, she heard a call to leave her order and workmore directly with the poorest citizens of Calcutta; she referred to thisas "a call within a call" (Sebba 47), a command to do work that she couldnot accomplish by remaining within the convent. He argued that she was too good at raising money, tooindiscriminate about sources of donations, and too unfocused in delegatinghow money should be spent. She applied, first to thehead of her order, for the religious equivalent of a leave of absence; herimmediate superiors in India insisted that she ask for secularisation, aform of withdrawal which would have made her a layperson and no longer anun, but the head of her order authorized her to petition Rome forexclaustration, allowing her to remain a religious figure. Eileen Egan describes the picture shepresented to the international community: "One small woman, leaning over aspittle-covered, cadaverous man, trying with passionate care to fan theebbing spark of life and show this love to a 'throwaway' human being"(4 6). Such a Vision of the Street: Mother Teresa - The Spirit and the Work. Althoughshe was hailed throughout the world as a living saint, she also attractedcritics for her complete acceptance of the doctrines of the church,including her total opposition to abortion and birth control. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.Sebba, Anne. Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born on August 26, 191 , in the city ofSkopje in Yugoslavia. Some sources cite her date of birth as August 27;she observed later that this was actually the date of her baptism. She became an Indian citizen late in 1946, adopted the cheapwhite cotton sari of the Medical Mission Sisters of Patna (who also gaveher basic nursing training), and set out to do the work for which she feltcalled. However, her influencewas not total: No one is seriously arguing that in India, where only 2 per cent of the population is Christian, rural Indian women are not using contraception because they have heard Mother Teresa oppose it, and in any case Muslims and Hindus too have serious religious misgivings about abortions and some forms of contraception (Sebba 2 5).In any case, most criticisms of Mother Teresa tend to be complaints aboutother things she might have accomplished, in addition to the extraordinarywork she was able to complete. Shetook her first vows on March 24, 1931, assuming the name of Sister Teresa,after St. Mother Teresa concentrated on caring for the people who were thegreatest outcasts of society, especially those who were dying. Born to a middle-class family in what isnow Macedonia, the former Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu became a nun when she was18, dedicating her life to work among the poor of India. Sister Teresa was assigned to St. She was uncomfortable with all theattention that her award brought her personally, but she was adept atturning the attention into support for her mission.She used the $192, prize money to help finance her charitable work andsolicited well-wishers for additional contributions. She was eulogized in English, Latin, Bengali, and Hindi,as the world recognized a lifetime of work that transcended the boundariesof language and religion. She hadfinally appointed a successor to head the Missionaries of Charity theprevious March. Mother Teresa was also criticized for her total acceptance of churchdoctrine, including her opposition to birth control and abortion. However, she always described herself asAlbanian. His death forced her mother to support the family;for Gonxha and her mother, the Catholic Church provided particular comfortand help through these difficult years. She graduallydispelled this fear through her work, concentrating on providing medicalcare and comfort, without preaching or proselytizing. She spent two months at the Loreto Abbey inRathfarman, Ireland, learning to speak some English; she already spokeAlbanian and Serbo-Croatian, taught in the government schools she hadattended as a child, and had learned a little of several other languages,as well, from her educated father. She came to be "called the'Bengali Teresa,' probably because she spoke the language so well" (Chawla8). She opened her first slum school late in 1948 and, by 195 , hadreceived approval from the Vatican to establish a new congregation, theMissionaries of Charity, to care for the destitute, the abandoned, and thedying of all castes and religions. Mother Teresa. She left her home inSeptember of 1928. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1985.Muggeridge, Malcolm. Works CitedChawla, Navin. At her birth,the family was well off, but, when Gonxha was 9, her father died suddenly.Her family and the doctors were convinced he had been poisoned by enemiesof his political views. Anne Sebba writes, "She can have been under littleillusion that entry into this Order would probably mean never again seeingher family or home town, since religious life of the era did not allow forholidays at home" (29). Rome grantedher petition, giving her a year to try her work. In the finalyears until her death in September of 1997, she became a controversialfigure in some circles, but the good she accomplished is undeniable, andher work goes on through the hundreds of missions she establishedthroughout the world. This paper is an examination of the life, works, and impact of MotherTeresa, founder of the Missionaries of Charity, an order of the CatholicChurch based in Calcutta, India, which is dedicated to caring for the poorand the dying of all religions. Her work gradually came to internationalprominence, and, in 1979, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Until the 199 s, Mother Teresa appeared to be above reproach.However, on November 8, 1994, the BBC broadcast a half-hour documentary,Hell's Angel, that was extremely critical of the nun and her work.Presenter Christopher Hitchens commented, "For someone whose kingdom is notof this earth, Mother Teresa has an easy way with thrones, dominions, andpowers" (Sebba 122). Many of the citizens of India initially viewed her with somesuspicion. She was a Catholic nun working in a predominately Hindu nation,and one fear was that she would try to convert her patients. Rockport, MA: Element, 1992.Egan, Eileen. She adoptedthe Spanish spelling of the name in order to avoid confusion with anothernun who had taken her vows shortly before. Teresa of Lisieux, the patroness of missionaries. Something Beautiful for God: Mother Teresa of Calcutta. Sebba writes,"Suddenly, Mother Teresa and her work seemed to be a touchstone for manypeople to question their own views of doing good in the world" (128). Gradually, her work came to the notice of people outside of India.Muggeridge's documentary, declaring her to be the "saint of the gutters,"brought her to worldwide attention. Mother Teresa died of a heart attack on September 5, 1997. New York: Doubleday, 1997.----------------------- 8 Forsomeone working in one of the world's most overpopulated nations, such anattitude seemed at least naive and at best cruel. In 1979, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, bringinginternational sanctions to her work. Agnes, known to her family by hermiddle name of Gonxha, was the youngest of three children. She spent her novitiate working in the Indian convent of herorder, studying for her vows and learning to speak the local language. Her patients includedlepers, whose appalling disease was particularly terrifying to outsiders;at the time, leprosy was thought to be highly contagious, yet Mother Teresatouched and tended to lepers as fearlessly as she dealt with all hercharges. In a culture with rigid class boundaries and a strong emphasis oncaring only for other family members, her work showed a striking andsometimes frightening disregard for convention. MalcolmMuggeridge, a BBC producer whose 1969 documentary, Something Beautiful forGod, brought her work significant international recognition, observed,"Suffering and death, to her, are not the breakdown of a machine, but partof the everlasting drama of our relationship with our creator" (132). Her work also provided an example to the caste-conscious society.Her patients were those who had no families or who had been cast out bytheir families, and she ministered to all of them without regard for theirorigins. In November of 1928, she left Ireland for India, arriving there sevenweeks later. Atthe time of her death, officials estimated that her order had picked up54, destitute and abandoned individuals from the streets of Calcutta,and 23, of them had died in one room under her care. Mary's School in Calcutta; by 1937,she had become principal of the school. Aftershe became internationally famous, the government of the Republic ofMacedonia, formed after she left to minister to the poor in India, publiclyclaimed her as Macedonian. Mother Teresa: Beyond the Image. Her order opened one of the first homes in the world forAIDS victims. When she was 18, Gonxha felt called to apply to the sisterhood, andshe entered the order of Our Sisters of Loreto. The beginning of her work coincidedwith India's attainment of freedom from British rule and an explosive waveof national violence that brought millions of refugees into the area.Mother Teresa therefore had more people in need of her care than hadalready lived in the region; however, she also had to deal with a greatlyincreased population with a healthy distrust of foreigners and theirmotives. He contended that she should have spent themillions raised on hospitals, rather than convents. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.