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REFORM & CHANGE IN 20TH CENT.   Term Paper ID:25674 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Overview of major events which led, to increased peace & social justice: Progressivism, WW I & II, Depression.... More...

5 Pages / 1125 Words 6 sources, 12 Citations, MLA Format $20.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Overview of major events which led, to increased peace & social justice: Progressivism, WW I & II, Depression. Paper Introduction: The Twentieth Century began with what is called the progressive era, and in many ways the underlying trend toward reform and positive change has continued to be the hallmark of the century. This was also a century which featured two worldwide wars and many smaller conflicts, a Cold War that could have led to an even more terrible conflict, and many social tensions, yet overall the trend has been toward increased peace and world harmony. Progressivism was shaped around core ideas: 1) a commitment to social justice; and 2) a search for order and for the restoration of the social order. The goals of the Progressive movement involved specific needs in society at the time, needs brought about by a long period of neglect during the time when the country was becoming industrialized and urbanized: 1) housing Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Susman states that the idea of culture in the 193 swas domesticated in America: Americans then began thinking in terms of patterns of behavior and belief, values and life-styles, symbols and meanings. The armistice was used by the Allies to change theshape of Europe and to shift power away from Germany: "They were anxious toensure that the German nation acknowledged defeat. They also believed in representative government and in the agencies it created (Blum et al. The world has still not found the way to lasting and universal peace,but it has moved more in that direction throughout this century. Communications was key to this, and no more dramatic instruments of total change had come along than the automobile and the motion picture (Susman 1 8).One of the key forces shaping the 192 s was a holdover from an earlierperiod, the effects of the First World War. The Twentieth Century began with what is called the progressive era,and in many ways the underlying trend toward reform and positive change hascontinued to be the hallmark of the century. . Effecting these changes was the overall goal of theProgressives. The German people were left with a deep sense of injustice that wouldscar an entire generation. Works CitedBlum, John M., William S. This was also a century whichfeatured two worldwide wars and many smaller conflicts, a Cold War thatcould have led to an even more terrible conflict, and many social tensions,yet overall the trend has been toward increased peace and world harmony. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1988.Lansing, Robert. That is, popular culture reflected the realities of the Depressionwhile also offering escapist fare that allowed people to forget theDepression for a time. The Road to War. Americans were becoming moreaware of the fact that they had yet to accommodate to these changes or toadapt their laws and techniques of government to a new age of large andcomplex organizations: "They had yet to fulfill their national promise ofindividual liberty, opportunity, and dignity for men and women" (Blum etal. It spent considerable time, energy, and talent in trying to mend what had become apparent to many, each often in his own way, as a broken world (Susman 12 ). 5 8).They comforted themselves with the belief that candidates like themselveswould be the ones who would represent the people. It was during this period that we find, for the first time, frequent reference to an "American Way of Life" (Susman 154). The Peace Negotiations: A Personal Narrative. Thepopular culture was more and more aware of its effect on the masses and ofa need to reflect certain attitudes on the one hand and to deny them on theother. and Europe. The end of the First WorldWar was an occasion for the victors to try to see to it that Germany couldnever renew war. By the turn of the century America hadchanged profoundly, as had its problems. Culture as History. Between the two World Wars, the major worldwide event was the GreatDepression, an event for which the seeds were sown by the First world Warand which in turn contributed to many of the forces that would lead toWorld War II. They believed in the government and inusing it to effect change: In their view, the state and especially expert agencies created by the state would mediate the tensions between rich and poor, the powerful and the weak (Blum et al. 495). New York: Random House, 1989.Susman, Warren I. The 192 s was an era marked by trends that seemed to carry thecountry in different directions. The war took an idealisticgeneration and left it disillusioned and lost--indeed, it became known asthe Lost Generation, and in the 192 s this group seemed to flounder in anera of chaos, an era marked by the illegalities of Prohibition, an agewhere making money on the stock market seemed easy, and yet an age thatlacked a moral foundation or a sense of direction: The 192 s was a period dedicated to knowledge and experience and the effective use of both. The Progressives wanted to change these conditions and had faith indemocratic processes and faith in government while they were hostile to anyconcentration of private power. Indeed, this generation was left with a desireto reverse the judgment of Versailles and to return to the steady upwardpath Germany had taken before the war. Morgan, Arthur M. Progressivism was shaped around core ideas: 1) a commitment to socialjustice; and 2) a search for order and for the restoration of the socialorder. Taylor writes: "The Second World War was, in large part, arepeat performance of the first" (Taylor 18). On the one hand there was an explosion inknowledge that marked a changing world, but even as this seemed tocontribute to a sense of optimism, it undercut that optimism by challengingaccepted beliefs and by offering new knowledge that was not always easy tounderstand or incorporate into the culture: Americans were made constantly and fully aware that they lived in a new era. The Germans were forced to surrender large amounts of warmaterial, to withdraw their forces behind the Rhine, and to hand over theirfleet for internment. Stampp, C. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989.Janis, Mark W., An Introduction to International Law. Reform was evident in the move by Woodrow Wilson to assure peacethrough an international body. In 1918 the idea of the formation of aninternational organization to prevent war was under discussion in the pressin the U.S. The Great Depression in the 193 s signaled a world economicdisorder that was difficult for the various countries of the world toweather and that presented them with a problem they only dimlyunderstood.The Depression had different effects in different countries andaffected different parts of the world more or less severely, but takenaltogether the forces unleashed would collide over the decade of the 193 sto produce political as well as economic dislocation and tension. The goals of the Progressive movement involved specific needs insociety at the time, needs brought about by a long period of neglect duringthe time when the country was becoming industrialized and urbanized: 1)housing in cities; 2) an end to government corruption; 3) build betterschools; 4) eliminate poverty; 5) abolish child labor and regulate women'swork; and 6) regulate men's work. Schlesinger Jr., Kenneth M. This body was clearly ineffective, and World War II was one result.After the war, though, the world tried again with the United Nations. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.Taylor, A.J.P. The Origins of the Second World War. It was in January of 1918 when Wilson released hisFourteen Points and said that the adoption of these points was essential toa just and stable peace. This would lead directly to WorldWar II in 1939: "By that date Hitler had restored German power to a pointwhere it could not remotely be contained within the existing internationalorder, led as it was by the most embittered and radical veterans of Germancollapse in 1918" (Overy and Wheatcroft 22). New York: Atheneum, 1985.----------------------- 7 The last of these points referred to the creationof an international organization to protect large and small states alike,and this would become the League of Nations (Lansing 34-36). A.J.P. ." (Taylor 23).Thomas Mann stated that the national existence of Germany was now to becondemned as guilty and erroneous: "Germany became the pariah of Europe;the German people were forced to adjust to a very different post-war worldof political uncertainty and economic stagnation" (Overy and Wheatcroft22). McFeely, Edmund S. 5 7).While the Progressives were democratic in tone and belief, they also had acertain elitist attitude which colored their thinking, especially aboutthemselves: They had a sense of their own special status--whether of wealth or social standing or talent--which they felt they deserved. Vann Woodward, The National Experience: Part Two. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1921.Overy, Richard and Andrew Wheatcroft. Thiswas an attempt to cope with two of history's fundamental problems in law.The first was the question of how states could be encouraged or compelledto submit their conflicts to judges for settlement; the second was howinternational judicial decisions, once rendered, could be effectivelyenforced (Janis 91). If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.