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JEWISH MIGRATION TO ROMANIA.   Term Paper ID:25851 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Historical overview: language, Sephardim & Ashkenazi Jews, settlement, treatment of.... More...

3 Pages / 675 Words 3 sources, 8 Citations, MLA Format $12.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Historical overview: language, Sephardim & Ashkenazi Jews, settlement, treatment of. Paper Introduction: The historical origins of Jews in Romania cannot be pinpointed with any degree of accuracy. At present, Jews make up only a small fraction of Romania's minority population. However, Jews reportedly existed in the Central European region known as Romania in larger numbers as early as the first and second centuries. Romania is situated in the southeast of Europe, resting on the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Beyond the Carpathia mountain range, which covers about one-third of the country, are extensive plains sustained by the Danube river and its tributaries. It was not until the mid-nineteenth century, almost two thousand years after its history began, that Romania became an almost unified and independent country. The intervening period was characterized by long periods of rule by various Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Some Sephardim joined existing groups of Jews inthe Romanian region: "the Sephardi group remained demographically tiny inthe midst of a very large Ashkenazi population whose culture and historydiverged from their Judeo-Spanish neighbors south of the Danube river"(Benbassa and Rodrigue xviii). Physically, they tended to resemble non-Jews in the same locality (Patai 74). Theintervening period was characterized by long periods of rule by variousforeign countries, during which much of the early Jewish migration appearsto have taken place. This event was aturning point in Jewish history: "the most populous, distinguished, andimportant of all medieval Jewries was expelled from Spain . Oxford, UK:Blackwell, 1995.Patai, Raphael. At present, Jews make up only a small fraction ofRomania's minority population. . In the thirteenth century, Yiddish, withGermanic as its main component, was a German dialect. The historical origins of Jews in Romania cannot be pinpointed withany degree of accuracy. Jews were instrumental in the conversion of the Khazars, a Turkishpeople: "The Khazar ruler, the Khagan, at first, accepted a modifiedJudaism; then in about 8 , he fully accepted Rabbinic Judaism" (Patai29 ). It was not until themid-nineteenth century, almost two thousand years after its history began,that Romania became an almost unified and independent country. then clung to it for centuries inPolish, Lithuanian, Russian, Ukrainian, Rumanian, and other linguisticenvironments" (Patai 1 8). Roumanian Journey. Jewish migration into Romania occurred for two reasons. Tents of Jacob: The Diaspora Yesterday and Today.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1971.Sitwell, Sacheverell. Romania is situated in the southeast of Europe, resting on thenorthern part of the Balkan Peninsula. . Judaism then became the religion of the ruling class for the nexttwo centuries. The firstwave was the Ashkenazi Jews, which occurred during the second and thirdcenturies. The Jews who fled to the Balkans didso because of the relative tolerance of the ruling Ottoman Empire.Although Jews were treated as second-class citizens, they were allowed toretain important aspects of their culture: "An important factor was thepattern of communal organization prevalent in the lands of Islam whichcontributed to the Jews' maintenance of their ethnic-religious identity"(Benbassa and Rodrigue xvii). Linguistically, the Ashkenazim retained set language patterns.Ashkenazim in Central Europe favored German: "the Ashkenazi Jews, whoacquired German in the Middle Ages . However, Jews reportedly existed in theCentral European region known as Romania in larger numbers as early as thefirst and second centuries. These were the Sephardi and the Ashkenazi divisions. Thus a significant number ofRomanian Jews were fair, with blond hair and blue eyes. Works CitedBenbassa, Esther and Aron Rodrigue. . Sephardim Jews entered Romania in significant numbers in the late15th century, as a result of their expulsion from Spain. . Of the three major Jewish ethnic divisions--Oriental, Sephardi, andAshkenazi--two migrated to Romania in significant numbers between 5 -16 A.D. Remnants of these two Jewish populations arestill found in Romania. London: Batsford, 1938.----------------------- 4 whichbrought to an end the more than millenial Jewish presence in the Iberianpeninsula" (Benbassa and Rodrigue xvi). Scant evidence exists about these Jews, except for theirappearance and their language. The Jews of the Balkans. Depending on thelocation of the Ashkenazim, Yiddish came under the influence of localdialects as well: "Yiddish absorbed minor but distinct contributions frompractically every locality in which Yiddish-speaking Jews settled: Dutchwords in Amsterdam, Lithuanian words in Lithuania, Moldavian words inRumania" (Patai 124). . The second wave was the Sephardi Jews, expelled from Spain inthe late fifteenth century. The migration of Ashkenazi Jews occurred while Romania (known then asDacia) was under Roman rule, during the second and third centuries. Khazar groups survived in some form for only about threecenturies after their defeat by the Russians in 965: "It would appear thatlarge Jewish colonies existed upon the Black Sea, in the Crimea especially,and in the Judaised Kingdom of Khazar . Afterthis period, the historical record fades: "These early beginnings of aJewish Diaspora in Central and Eastern Europe were followed by a longperiod of quiescence in which practically nothing is known about the fateand circumstances of the Jews who were the forerunners of the Ashkenazim"(Patai 2 ). Beyond the Carpathia mountainrange, which covers about one-third of the country, are extensive plainssustained by the Danube river and its tributaries. . A majority of the expelled Jewsmigrated to the Balkans. The first clear historical record of Jews in Romania occurs about 74 A.D. A number of Greek-speaking Jews, theRomaniots, also settled in the area. The AshkenaziJews are believed to be the first to enter the area now known as Romania. This would seem to be theorigin of the Jews of Russia, and therefore, it is probable, of the JewishColonies in Roumania" (Sitwell 1 8). 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