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ELIZABETH I.   Term Paper ID:26131 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Life & career of dominating & effective 16th Cent. English queen, last of Tudor rulers.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Life & career of dominating & effective 16th Cent. English queen, last of Tudor rulers. Paper Introduction: Elizabeth I, (1533-1603), queen of England and Ireland from 1558-1603, daughter of the English King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn and the last of the Tudor rulers of England was a great leader because she possessed a number of the key qualities that distinguish some individuals as those able to lead other people. She was courageous, decisive, competitive, self-confident, responsible, tenacious and disciplined with a finely honed sense of accountability and integrity and both physical and emotional stamina. Born in London on September 7, 1533, Elizabeth spent her childhood away from the court and received an excellent classical education under such scholars as Roger Ascham, who influenced her greatly. Henry's sixth wife, Catherine Parr, later became fond of the young Elizabeth and brought her back to Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Mary waskept captive for years, giving rise to many plots by English Catholics forher release. This was perhaps Elizabeth's greatest failure as a leader.Although her actions are understandable given the political instability ofthe time, she should have been able to empathize with English Catholics.She had once been persecuted for her religion, but she failed to learntolerance from her own experiences. The Royal Exchange of London wasopened in 1566, and the company of merchants that later became the EnglishEast India Company was chartered in 16 . Foreign trade, encouraged by the government,became a great capitalistic enterprise. At the death of Mary in 1558, Elizabeth became queen, beginning oneof the greatest reigns in English history. The execution prompted Philip II of Spain to prosecute the war withEngland that had been going on since 1585 and he sent a fleet to invade thecountry in 1588. Elizabeth I was not a perfect leader. Henry's sixthwife, Catherine Parr, later became fond of the young Elizabeth and broughther back to court. She lacked empathy and, at theend of her life, began to cede too much responsibility to her advisors.But she remains overall a great leader, one who consistently demonstrated awide range of the qualities necessary in any individual who wishes to leada complex enterprise. When Edward died, Elizabeth became a partisanof her sister Mary, refusing to support the revolt against Mary led by theEnglish soldier and conspirator Sir Thomas Wyatts. Elizabethwas decisive, demanding responsibility from herself and her advisors andholding both herself and her court to high standards of accountability.This sense of a moral core to the country sowed both economic and culturalbenefits all around. A new system of standard coinage was introduced in 156 to replacethe silver coins that had been considerably debased during the precedingthree reigns. When in 1586 Elizabeth's secretary of state discovered a plotto assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne of England, Elizabethreluctantly agreed to have Mary executed. References Encyclopedia Britannica (CD-ROM 1999 version) entries on England,Elizabeth I, and Renaissance. In theElizabethan Compromise (1559), the Church of England became the establishedchurch, and throughout Elizabeth's reign Roman Catholics and Puritans werepersecuted. During the years beforeshe ascended to the throne, she had consistently shown great courage andboth physical and emotional stamina, even though during her imprisonmentshe feared execution and was very much isolated from possible supportersand allies. She chose the utilitarian path ofdoing the greatest good for the greatest number. Elizabeth could have refused toconvert to Catholicism and would then probably have been executed; insteadshe chose to save herself and as a result save her country the possibilityof a terrible civil war over religion. Elizabeth's most delicate political problem was that involving herRoman Catholic cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots. By their reasoning, Mary was the lawful queen of England.Thus, to Elizabeth, Mary was the potential center of conspiracy. Plaidy, J. The Spanish Armada, however, suffered an ingloriousdefeat, and England eventually took the place of Spain as the greatcolonizer of the New World and the reigning power on the seas. Under Elizabeth's direction, the government began to regulatecommerce and industry on a national scale. As a result, prices fell to normal levels and confidence inEnglish money was restored. Born in London on September 7, 1533, Elizabeth spent her childhoodaway from the court and received an excellent classical education undersuch scholars as Roger Ascham, who influenced her greatly. During her reign, the queen could be both vain and capricious --never good qualities in a leader -- but her monarchial duties were alwaysher primary concern and she showed a high level of discipline in learningthe diplomatic and political skills required to negotiate the running of akingdom at a difficult time in its history, at a turbulent time in thehistory of Europe in general and at a time when a female ruler facedsignificant opposition. It took both great self-confidence and greattenacity to envision and successfully execute her concepts of statecraftwhen so few people believed that any woman could be successful as theleader of an expanding empire. To these problemsElizabeth brought her thorough education, innate shrewdness, and a skill indiplomacy that she had constantly exercised during the reigns of Edward andMary, when one mistake might have meant her death. She reverted to Protestantism immediately after Mary'sdeath, and her first Parliament (1559) had a Protestant majority. Elizabeth's success as a leader was due in some large measure to herchoice of able and wise advisers, most notably Sir Francis Walsingham andWilliam Cecil. She was later released,having outwardly professed Roman Catholicism, and regained Mary's favor.One might wish to criticize Elizabeth for this profession, which couldhardly have been completely and possibly not even at all truthful.However, it is certainly arguable that discretion is not only the betterpart of valor, but also an important aspect of leadership, for propertiming is an essential leadership skill. England grew to be a greatmaritime power with the exploits of such mariners as Sir Francis Drake. These increases in England'sprosperity came about in part because of wise political and economicdecisions on Elizabeth's part, but they also resulted from the fact thatthe populace felt a greater confidence with her as their leader than theyhad felt under her sister or brother or perhaps even her father. Elizabeth I, (1533-16 3), queen of England and Ireland from 1558-16 3, daughter of the English King Henry VIII and his second wife, AnneBoleyn and the last of the Tudor rulers of England was a great leaderbecause she possessed a number of the key qualities that distinguish someindividuals as those able to lead other people. Elizabeth immediately imprisoned Mary because the Catholicmonarchs of Europe and her own Catholic subjects considered Elizabethillegitimate. (1961). Religion was Elizabeth's initial and possibly her most intractableproblem as queen. She remained in Catherine's charge after Henry's deathand took no part in the political intrigues following the coronation of herbrother as King Edward VI. She restored popular confidence in the monarchy, and a wave ofprosperity swept every field of endeavor. Mary sought refuge in Englandafter being defeated in battle by her half brother, James Stuart, the earlof Moray. Choosing capable and able lieutenants is one of the oftenoverlooked qualities of leadership, but it is an essential and vital skill. With the religious questionsettled and peace established with France, England was able to developindustrially and economically. The decision was a difficult onefor her, and certainly a morally complex one, but she showed her lifelongdecisiveness in making it. It is as important to know whento speak as to know when to be silent. London: Pan Books. Despite Elizabeth'sevident loyalty, Mary, a devout Roman Catholic, was made uneasy by theProtestantism of the princess and her potential menace as an heir to thethrone and, in 1554, Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned on the false charge ofhaving been implicated in Wyatt's rebellion. Elizabeth's domination of the period to which her name becameattached was due in part to the exuberant national spirit that she inspiredand that characterized all England during the second half of the 16thcentury. No one person contains all the skills, knowledge, or personal qualitiesrequired to lead a complex enterprise. Moreover,by inflicting such a defeat on Catholic Spain, England establishedProtestantism as a force in international politics. She was courageous,decisive, competitive, self-confident, responsible, tenacious anddisciplined with a finely honed sense of accountability and integrity andboth physical and emotional stamina. The Young Elizabeth. Again, while the decision showed a certain lackof empathy, it also reflected a degree of integrity on Elizabeth's part inher dedication to protecting the spirit of Protestantism and hercompetitive spirit to keep England strong. At the time of Elizabeth'saccession, England was torn by religious strife, was economically insecure,and was involved in a disastrous war with France. The insecure leader tries to doeverything herself or himself, but the great leader understands theimportance of counsel. 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