A 

Abortion
Accounting
Advertising
Africa
African-American Studies
Aging
Agriculture
American Indian Studies
Anthropology
Archaeology
Architecture
Argumentative
Art: Artists (Alphabetized)
Art: General
Become an Affiliate and Earn $$$
Biographies (Alphabetized)
Book Reviews (Non-Fiction) (Alphabetized)
Business: Companies (Alphabetized)
Business: General
Business: Industries (Alphabetized)
Business: International
Business: Small
California
Canada
Caribbean
Child Abuse
China
Communication: Journalism
Communication: Language & Speech
Communication: Media
Communication: Non-Verbal
Communication: Television
Communication: Television & Children
Communism
Computer Science
Consumerism
Criminal Justice: General
Criminal Justice: Juvenile Delinquency
Criminal Justice: Police Science
Criminal Justice: Prisons
Cuba
Death & Dying: Euthanasia
Death & Dying: General
Death & Dying: Suicide
Drama: American
Drama: English
Drama: World
Drugs: Alcohol
Drugs: General
Economics: Banking
Economics: Economists (Alphabetized)
Economics: General
Economics: Inflation
Economics: International Trade
Economics: Macroeconomics
Economics: Microeconomics
Economics: Taxation
Education: Administration
Education: Curriculum
Education: General
Education: Higher
Education: Physical
Education: Psychology
Education: Reading
Education: Special
Education: Teaching Methods
Education: Theory
Energy: General
Energy: Nuclear
Energy: Solar
Environmental Studies
Evolution
Family & Marriage
Films: Artists (Alphabetized)
Films: General
Finance: Companies (Alphabetized)
Finance: General
Former Soviet Union: Post-1990
France
Gender & Sexuality
Geography
Germany
History: Ancient Greek & Roman
History: European
History: Great Britain
History: U.S. (After 1865)
History: U.S. (Before 1865)
History: U.S. Presidency
History: U.S. Presidents (Alphabetized)
Homosexuality
Immigration
India
Indonesia
International Relations: Arms Control
International Relations: Cold War
International Relations: Non-U.S.
International Relations: U.S.
Japan
Jewish Studies
Korea
Labor
Latin America
Law: Business
Law: Capital Punishment
Law: General
Law: International & Non-U.S.
Law: Supreme Court
Leadership
Literature, American: Authors (Alphabetized)
Literature, American: Faulkner
Literature, American: Fitzgerald
Literature, American: General
Literature, American: Hawthorne
Literature, American: Hemingway
Literature, American: Melville
Literature, American: Poe
Literature, American: Steinbeck
Literature, American: Twain
Literature, English: Authors (Alphabetized)
Literature, English: Chaucer
Literature, English: Conrad
Literature, English: Dickens
Literature, English: General
Literature, English: Joyce
Literature, English: Lawrence
Literature, English: Shakespeare
Literature, English: Swift
Literature, General: Children
Literature, General: Classic (Greek & Roman)
Literature, General: Russian
Literature, General: World
Management: General
Management: Japanese
Management: Motivation
Management: Theory
Management: Women
Marketing: Companies (Alphabetized)
Marketing: General
Marketing: Plans
Mathematics
Medical: Aids
Medical: Dentistry
Medical: Diseases & Disorders (Alphabetized)
Medical: General
Medical: Nursing
Mexican-American Studies
Mexico
Middle East: Egypt
Middle East: General
Middle East: O.P.E.C.
Military
Music: Classical
Music: General
Mythology
Nutrition
Parapsychology/Occult
Philosophy: Ancient Greek
Philosophy: Descartes
Philosophy: Eastern
Philosophy: General
Philosophy: Kant
Philosophy: Sartre
Poetry: American
Poetry: English
Poetry: Milton
Poetry: World
Political Science: Elections & Campaigns
Political Science: Foreign
Political Science: Lobbyists & Pressure Groups
Political Science: Machiavelli
Political Science: Mill
Political Science: Political Theory
Political Science: U.S.
Psychology: Behaviorism
Psychology: Child & Adolescent
Psychology: Disorders
Psychology: Dreams
Psychology: Experimental
Psychology: Freud
Psychology: General
Psychology: Jung
Psychology: Physiology
Psychology: Piaget
Psychology: Rogers
Psychology: Social
Psychology: Testing
Psychology: Therapies
Public Administration: General
Public Administration: Government Agencies (Alphabetized)
Racism
Real Estate
Recreation & Leisure
Religion: Eastern
Religion: General
Religion: Islam
Religion: The Bible
Research: Completed Studies (With Statistics & Results)
Research: Designs & Proposals
Research: Statistics & Methodology
Russia: Pre-1917 Revolution
Science: Astronomy
Science: Biology
Science: General
Science: Genetics
Sociology: Durkheim
Sociology: General
Sociology: Marx
Sociology: Social Problems
Sociology: Social Theory
Sociology: Social Welfare
Sociology: Weber
Soviet Union: 1917-1990
Sports: Drugs
Sports: General
Technology
Transportation: Automotive
Transportation: Aviation
Transportation: General
Transportation: Railroads
Urban Studies
Vietnam
Women Studies
 

The History & Present Situation of Japan   Term Paper ID:27848 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Examines troubled liberalization & Westernization of the Japanese political & social systems.... More...

4 Pages / 900 Words 3 sources, 4 Citations, TURABIAN Format $16.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Examines troubled liberalization & Westernization of the Japanese political & social systems. Paper Introduction: In the 19th and 20th centuries, the role of the emperor of Japan has gone through a change from the way the imperial ruler was originally developed, and after World War II the greatest change of all was brought about by the new constitution imposed by the American Occupation. The Meiji period in the 19th century was the beginning of the rapid development of economic life in Japan, a period of modernization and of the emergence of new elites based on expertise and technical knowledge. The Revolution of 1868 was a restoration to power of the Imperial dynasty, leading to the Meiji period lasting into this century. The leaders of the Restoration were young samurai of the great western fiefs who became a self-perpetuating oligarchy more influential in the Meiji government than the Emperor himself. They were united in their Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. The process ofconcentration by enterprising merchants and financiers led to the creationof the "financial clique," or zaibatsu. The surrender of Japan to the United States after the bombings ofHiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 was described by the emperor as "enduringthe unendurable and suffering what is insufferable," but he asked theJapanese people to do just that when it was clear that there was no otherchoice. From 1945 to 1947, there followeda period of demilitarization and democratization under the direction ofGeneral Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers(SCAP). Education wasimproved, and the people were educated in banking and financial matters.Military preparedness was the principal aim of industrialization, so thefirst to be established were munitions plants, heavy industries, andcommunications facilities. In the 19th and 2 th centuries, the role of the emperor of Japan hasgone through a change from the way the imperial ruler was originallydeveloped, and after World War II the greatest change of all was broughtabout by the new constitution imposed by the American Occupation. War crimes trials were held at which 4,2 Japanese officials were found guilty. (1987). Feudalism was abolished, and the Daimyo surrendered theirfiefs to the Throne. The governmentabolished the samurai and eta classes, the latter having been limited forcenturies to menial or humiliating occupations and an outcast socialstatus. The Ministry of Education worked to eradicateilliteracy and to train the populace in the duties of citizenship. Thepress was westernized and served the purposes of the government by keepingthe people aware of their new responsibilities, and it also offeredliberals and dissenters a degree of freedom of expression. TheMeiji period in the 19th century was the beginning of the rapid developmentof economic life in Japan, a period of modernization and of the emergenceof new elites based on expertise and technical knowledge. (1989). At first, they were inclined to discount him butcame to see his importance. The intention of theleadership was to modernize rather than to Westernize. Zaibatsu means literally"wealth group," and these were powerful financial or industrial combinesthat merged during the Meiji era and that were implicated in the militaristregimes of the thirties and forties (Dolan & Worden, 199 , p. The zaibatsu, communal business organizations,were prohibited, but the government would later take over many of the samefunctions and would provide the same economic impetus. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.Morton, W. The adoption of aparliamentary system was also not without its conflicts and its bloodshed(Webb, 1989, 29-3 ). The leaders of the Restorationwere young samurai of the great western fiefs who became a self-perpetuating oligarchy more influential in the Meiji government than theEmperor himself. After defeat in 1945, the eliteswere purged for a time from leadership positions, though many were laterrevived and rehabilitated, and the Emperor was a problem the occupationforces had to address. E., & Worden, R. At that time, Japan's navy and army ministries were abolished, hermunitions and military equipment destroyed, and her war industriesconverted to civilian uses. Underpressure from SCAP, the government sought to amend the 1889 MeijiConstitution, and on May 3, 1947 the new Japanese Constitution came intoforce. They did not intend tosacrifice tradition or the basic structure of their society, and the roleof the emperor was largely a matter of tradition (Morton, 1987, 153-154). The terms of surrender included the occupation of Japan by Alliedmilitary forces, assurances that Japan would never again go to war, therestriction of the sovereignty of Japan to the four main islands, and thesurrender of Japan's colonial holdings. Schools for women were established, and women also gained legalrights to head household and to initiate divorce actions (Webb, 1989, 31-33). This document embodied constitutional reforms as well as economicreforms, including agricultural land redistribution, the reestablishment oftrade unions, and severe proscriptions zaibatsu. L. BibliographyDolan, R. (199 ). New York: Columbia University Press. They introduced two European institutions--parliamentarygovernment and the political party. This was the foundation of Japaneseliberalism. These firms organized an electricpower system and built great industries. Japan did not produce truly liberal political institutions in spiteof the adoption of Western parliamentarianism, but Japanese economicmodernization along Western lines was very successful. The essential role of the emperor would remain the same until afterWorld War II, with the emperor seen as spiritual leader and even divinityas well as embodying the secular state. An introduction to Japan. 6 ). Seven hundred were executed, and186, public figures were purged. They were united in their conviction that they alone hadthe experience needed and the sense of responsibility to direct the affairsof the state. S. The samurai were reduced from being hereditary arms-bearers and pensioners to the status of commoners, leading to considerableresentment among the more conservative elements. Reforms wereinstituted once more, and after the end of the occupation period thegovernment would adopt some of these reforms and change the system in otherways to suit Japanese needs. Crowell.Webb, H. During the Meiji era, the emperor was seen as theembodiment of the legitimacy of the state, and this was written into theMeiji constitution (Dolan and Worden, 199 , 3 8). Numerous business enterprises andfinancial institutions were developed at this time. Through all this, the role of the emperor retained its largelyceremonial role. The Revolutionof 1868 was a restoration to power of the Imperial dynasty, leading to theMeiji period lasting into this century. Japan: A country study. Japan: Its history and culture. They chose the bestmodel in each field of technology and administration and adopted them tomake Japan powerful and a match for other nations. Shinto as the state religion wasdisestablished, and Emperor Hirohito repudiated his divinity. New York: Thomas Y. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.