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MAHATMA GANDHI & WINSTON CHURCHILL.   Term Paper ID:28596 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Analysis of leadership of both men; their ideas, accomplishments & influence.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Analysis of leadership of both men; their ideas, accomplishments & influence. Paper Introduction: Mahatma Gandhi and Winston Churchill were two of the leading figures of this century. They came from very different backgrounds and represented different traditions and ideals, with Gandhi fighting against many of the British views that men like Churchill represented. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born at Porbandar, Kathiawar in 1869. He was the youngest son in a family of three sons and one daughter. Mohan was an ordinary child who was halting in his speech and nearly frightened of his own shadow, and much of what he saw in the external world puzzled him. He was not a very good student, and books did not interest him. He was left largely to himself by his classmates. At home, the family rigidly observed the Hindu pieties (Shahani, 1961, 1-3). Mohan was betrothed to Kasturbai Makanji at the age of Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. He would begin his second satyagraha in 192 with aboycott of British cloth. "Winston Churchill" (2 ). Both men can be identified as champions of abroader democracy than was favored by the British elite at the time.Gandhi led his people in resisting without turning to war, while Churchillled his people in a war not of his own making. Shahani, R. New York: Farrar,Straus and Giroux. He was released in 1924 and became thepresident of the Indian National Congress (Homer, 1996). Satyagraha postulates the conquest of the adversary by suffering in one's own person" (Moon 52-53). He was soon successful as both a lawyerand a politician and established several ashrams, or religious communities,in that country. Hewas left largely to himself by his classmates. He was educated in India and then went toEngland in 1888 to study law at the Inner Temple. Winston Churchill was a representative of an old conservativepolitical family and would himself embody the accepted British virtues ofthe upper classes, though he would also temper his views and increase hissupport for causes of the working class. Norton,1969. He returned to India in1891 and started practicing law, but he found it difficult to earn aliving. Mohanwas an ordinary child who was halting in his speech and nearly frightenedof his own shadow, and much of what he saw in the external world puzzledhim. He stated at firstthat this would be a program of "passive resistance," but he did not likehis own description and sought another. He established an ashram nearAhmadabad and worked for the causes of Indian peasants and mill workers.He did not at first oppose the British rule of India, and he helped recruitIndians for World War I. Churchill's leadership was political and inspirational, whileGandhi's had an element of the religious about it as well. He was imprisonedmany times for his non-violent campaigns (Homer, 1996). http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/churchil.htm. (1961). Because of the misunderstandings and concerns noted above, Gandhitook pains to make it clear that satyagraha differs from passive resistancein that it renounces physical force completely and not for expediency butas a matter of principle: In ordinary passive resistance, physical force is eschewed because it appears to offer no hope of success, but it might be used if suitable occasion arose for it. (1969) Gandhi and modern India. "Gandhi." Colliers Encyclopedia CD-ROM. He left the army the following yearand became a war correspondent. Gandhi maintained that satyagraha also differed from passive resistance because in the latter there is always present the idea of harassing the other party, whereas "in satyagraha there is not the remotest idea of injuring the opponent. After the war, one of his key actions wasat the Yalta meeting with Roosevelt and Stalin, which resulted in thedissection of Europe into opposing political jurisdictions. The proper study of mankind. He saw theirpassive resistance as "soul-force," something far stronger than brute,physical force. Gandhi and his nonviolent methods had much to do with creating aconsensus against the rule of the British and allowed the people to expresstheir dissatisfaction in a way that appealed to the conscience of theworld. His father was Lord RandolphChurchill and his mother the American Jennie Jerome. New York: Macmillan. In thispost, he was able to carry through important social legislation includingthe establishment of employment exchanges ("Winston Churchill"). At home, the family rigidlyobserved the Hindu pieties (Shahani, 1961, 1-3). Mr. Gandhi. He was educated atHarrow and Sandhurst and became an officer in the Fourth Hussars, seeingaction on the Indian North-West frontier and in the Sudan, where he tookpart in Battle of Omdurman in 1898. He was arrested in 1922 for sedition andsentenced to six years in prison. He went to South Africa as a lawyer for an Indian firm in 1891,and he was persuaded to remain in the Indian community there to help itsmembers overcome discrimination. He planned his first all-India satyagrahacampaign in 1919 when the British passed the Rowlatt Act continuing thewartime curtailment of Indian civil liberties. In satyagraha physical force is altogether forbidden even in the most favorable circumstances. Mahatma Gandhi and Winston Churchill were two of the leading figuresof this century. Hechanged his views after reading Poverty, A Study of Town Life by SeebohmRowntree and became a supporter of social reform, and in 19 4, he decidedto join the Liberal Party to effect reform. (1996). Mohan was betrothed to Kasturbai Makanji at the age of seven and wasmarried to her at the age of 14. His world in built upon the primacy of public over private relationships, upon the supreme value of action, of the battle between simple good and simple evil, between life and death; but, above all, battle (Berlin, 1998, 61 ). Churchillwrote a number of books during his life, and one of his most importantworks was his six-volume history of Word War II, The Second World War,about which Isaiah Berlin would write, The quality of Churchill's volumes on the Second World War is that of his whole life. Gandhi was now a firm opponentof the British Empire. In the 19 6 General Election,Churchill won North-West Manchester and immediately became a member of thenew Liberal government as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, laterbeing promoted to the cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. He founded a newspaper and organized an Indian congress.He devised his technique of non-violent resistance in 19 6 for an effort toovercome discrimination. While reporting on the Boer War, he wastaken prisoner by the Boers but escaped; he wrote a book on his experiences-- London to Ladysmith (19 ). New York: W.W. Gandhi fought against British rule during the 193 s when Churchillwas out of government. He was not a very good student, and books did not interest him. Moon, P. Churchill was out of office for a decade after 1929, but with thecoming of World War II he was appointed first lord of the Admiralty, and in194 , he became Prime Minister. For one thing, he did not want anessentially Indian campaign to be known by an English name. He derived the idea from his reading of HenryThoreau, Leo Tolstoy, the New Testament, and the Hindu scriptures, and hecalled his method satyagraha, or truth- or soul-force. Homer, A.J. (1998). They came from very different backgrounds and representeddifferent traditions and ideals, with Gandhi fighting against many of theBritish views that men like Churchill represented. Both would have greatinfluence as well, with Gandhi's mode of passive resistance being adoptedby the American Civil Rights Movement and by other resistance movements,while Churchill's speeches and writings inspired others and continue to doso today. When some Indians resortedto mob violence, the British took harsh reprisals, including a massacre atAmritsar in which 379 Indians were killed. The violence in the 1922 campaign was a disservice to the cause andallowed the British to retaliate, though the violence of that reaction didnot do credit to the British, either. He then entered politics in the 19 General Election and was elected as the Conservative MP for Oldham. Gandhi was then 45 years of age. References Berlin, I. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born at Porbandar, Kathiawar in 1869.He was the youngest son in a family of three sons and one daughter. Hence, the name satyagraha was to be used, made from satya(truth) implying love, and agraha (firmness) serving as a synonym forforce, so that the word means "the Force which is born of Truth and Love ornon-violence" (Moon, 1969, 52). He alsodecided that the term gave rise to a misunderstanding, noting how aEuropean sympathizer at a public meeting had described passive resistanceas a "weapon of the weak." Gandhi did not like this interpretation of themovement and denied that Indians were weak or passive. Winston was born inBlenheim Palace, Woodstock on 3 th November, 1874. 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