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ALASKA.   Term Paper ID:29125 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Compares early Russian and American interests.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Compares early Russian and American interests. Russian fur trade in Alaska. Need for Peter the Great to pay expenses of Royal Court. Colonization of Alaska in 1784. Impact on native Tinglit tribe. U.S. purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867. Development of the mining industry with the discovery of gold. Tin, copper and oil discoveries. Paper Introduction: Comparison and Contrasting of the Fur Trade and Mining Interests in Alaska from 1700 to 1845 Introduction This paper will compare and contrast the Fur Trade and the Mining Industry in Alaska between the years of 1700 and 1845. The paper will consist of four parts. The first part will deal with the influx of Russians and the fur trade. The second part will deal with the influx of Americans and the mining interests. The third part will compare the elements that these two epochs shared in common. The fourth part will examine the ways in which they differed. Russians and Fur -- 1700 to 1867 To understand the Russian attitude toward Alaska, it has to be remembered that the most common and accepted forms of curr Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. considered Alaska basically worthless when itwas discovered. There was, of course, the philosophical mandateof Eminent Domain that saw America stretching from one coast to the other,and that would necessitate including Alaska within its borders. In 1922, some American miners, looking forsilver, tested the black dirt and discovered oil, which was the last majormining effort before 1945. In 1849, some Russiansettlers had left some land granted to them since it had an ugly blackcolor and smelled funny. Peter the Great was the Czar, and had the mindof a seaman and navigator and decided that there could be a good way intoCanada by going East, across Mongolia and Siberia, instead of thetraditional method of going West through Europe and the Balkans. Tobuild and support a Navy, he needed money. Russians and Fur -- 17 to 1867 To understand the Russian attitude toward Alaska, it has to beremembered that the most common and accepted forms of currency for exchangevalue were furs and gold. ignored the rights, interests, feelings, andbeliefs of the native tribes who had inhabited Alaska for some 2, years. (1998, Aug. The fact that England, France orSpain, were 8, miles away, and this only by a long sea voyage that wentbelow South America was not considered, In fact, whether the U.S. At this time, the Alaskanterritories were called a protectorate and Seward and President Johnsonappointed several interim governors who were basically representatives ofthe Secretary of the Treasury that was given control and responsibility ofthe territory (Fields, 1999). In this respect, the United States was a bit more experienced at ethniccleansing since it had ridded the United States of most of its Indians. Both of these could serve as payment for goodsand services anywhere in the world. In 1869, heapproved the establishment of The Sitka Times, first newspaper in Alaska,published. (1999),A History and Ethnography of the Aleutians EastBorough, Fairbanks: Limestone Press, Fields, W.M. Themain idea was to protect the land against Spanish and English who thoughtthey still had rights there. The Russians had heard from the French and English courts that therewas a region of North America called Canada where you could walk acrosslakes on the backs of beavers(Sipes, 1998). motives were to gain wealth, or to protectits newly discovered borders, the primary difference between the two eventsis that Russia stole Alaska from the natives, and the U.S. To get money, he looked to thefur supplies in Alaska. Comparison and Contrasting of the Fur Trade and Mining Interests in Alaska from 17 to 1845 Introduction This paper will compare and contrast the Fur Trade and the MiningIndustry in Alaska between the years of 17 and 1845. When the Americanswanted to buy the land in 1867, the Russians were only too happy to get ridof it (Fields, 1999). The United States' reasons for buying the land are not as clear, andhave often been debated. considered it to be a source ofincome -- the Russians seeing fur as the exchange of profit, and the U.S.seeing gold as the exchange of profit (gold, of course, to be replaced byfishing and then tin and copper and uranium and oil). Both Russia and the U.S. Thefeeling of Congress appeared to be that the U.S. 1),Traders and soldiers in Russian America: TheRussian-American Company instituted enlightenment ideals in dealings withAlaskan Native Americans, History Today, 7 The third part will compare theelements that these two epochs shared in common. The native Tinglit tribe attacked the settlements in 18 5, and theRussian Army was sent in to punish them, and Russian Rule was regained(Kan, 2 ; Sipes,1998). How the Two Events Differed The differences are primarily semantic, since both of the empiresacted in benign self-interest. This tended to confuse most of the people, since Russia, for 167years, had ruled the land through Civil Law and the divine right of theCzar. References: Alaska Blue Book 1999-2 , 17th ed., (2 ) Juneau: Department ofEducation, Division of State Libraries, Archives & Museums. The gold mining industry began losing momentum in 1918, when tinand copper were discovered, setting off a new rush. During the decade of 189 -19 , more than 3 , people surged intothe Yukon Territory and Alaska when gold was discovered in places likeDawson Creek, Fairbanks, and Ester. (2 ), Memory Eternal: Tlingit Culture and Russian OrthodoxChristianity Through Two Centuries, Seattle: University of Washington Press Sipes, E. America and Mining -- 1867 to 1945 In 1867, the United States paid Russia $7.2 million for Alaska, orapproximately 2 cents per acre (Fields, 2 ). The Russians needed money on a continuingbasis, mostly to help pay for the expenses of the Royal Court, and for themost part, by 17 a large portion of its natural resources of fur bearinganimals had been destroyed, since conservation was not considered, or eventhought about at the time. The fourth part willexamine the ways in which they differed. Congress, at the urging of several wealthymine owners passed an official code of civil and criminal procedure,appointed more judges, and put in place a system of taxation. The French and the English hadfairly well gained a certain control over these regions, so the Russianshad to seek other sources. Davis took his job seriously, and almostevery development or new business needed Army approval. In 19 ,Congress authorized construction of telegraph lines and submarine cables toconnect Alaska's military posts with each other and with the rest of theU.S. faced a crisis. The first part will deal with the influx ofRussians and the fur trade. The paper willconsist of four parts. Mining, fishing, trapping, and mineralproduction flourished and a true "colonial economy" developed, in whichoutside interests exploited the material resources of Alaska and took theprofits elsewhere. If its people were going to profit fromAlaska, shouldn't it defend it? The second part will deal with the influx ofAmericans and the mining interests. to passthe First Organic Act of 1884, which essentially put all mining under theArmy and a civilian tribunal. What These Two Epochs Shared Both Russia and the U.S. By 186 , many of the prosperous settlements beganclosing, and the Russian fur trade was about exhausted. In 1872, Gold was discovered(Fields, 1999). In fact, animal skins and pelts hadbeen traded long before gold was even considered as anything else but apretty ornament (Belov, 2 ). Both Russia and the U.S. Now the territory was faced with Common Law, and its rigors.Thirteen judges and marshals were made responsible for a population of32, , less than 3 of which were white, and of those, less than 6 wereAmerican. stole Alaskafrom Russia. (1999), Now It Can Be Told: Stories of Alaskan PioneerRanchers, Anchorage:Publications Consultants, Kan, S. should buy it beforeEngland, Spain, or France could buy it. From 17 to 1784,there were tentative explorations into the seas and shoals around Alaska,but the land seemed too foreboding. This act also called for allmineral rights to the territory to be designated for the good of the entirenation. Peter the Great was a seafaring man, andsaw the need for Russia to gain momentum with the sea going commerce. Hecommissioned several explorers to find new locations for the"promyshlenniki" (fur traders) to work their magic. Finally, in 1784, as the need for fursincreased, Russia began colonies in Alaska (Alaska Blue Book, 2 ). Belov, M.I. This brought an influx of prospectors, and prompted the U.S. Until 1897, Alaska was mostly a joke for newspaper editors, andthen there was gold discovered in the Klondike. By 185 , the Russian trappers had taken out morethan seven million pelts, and this source of food for many of the nativespractically disappeared. (2 ), Russians in the Bering Strait, 1648-1791,translated by Katerina Solovjova, Anchorage: White Stone Press Black, L. Now the U.S. In 1868, it was renamed the Department of Alaska and placed under thecontrol of Brevet Major General Jefferson Davis, United States Army. The passage of this Act made Alaska a civiland judicial district and provided the territory with judges, clerks, andmarshals. In 1912, Congress passed the Second Organic Act of 1912, givingAlaska Territorial Status and a Legislature. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.