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CRIME CONTROL.   Term Paper ID:30180 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Discusses the need for greater interagency cooperation between law enforcement agencies at all levels of government.... More...

10 Pages / 2250 Words 9 sources, 26 Citations, APA Format $40.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Discusses the need for greater interagency cooperation between law enforcement agencies at all levels of government. Importance in reducing violent crimes. Discusses the decline in crime in general in the U.S. Various programs that account for the decline. Recommends federal, state and local officials & agencies agree to share resources and information. Paper Introduction: Controlling Crime With Interagency Cooperation The idea has been advanced that crime control and reduction can best be achieved via close cooperation and communication between the myriad law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies and organizations that exist at the federal, state and local levels. It is the purpose of this report to examine this thesis, and to present a case in favor of enhanced interagency cooperation. While crime in the United States in general and in major metropolitan areas in particular has declined in recent years, greater reductions in violent crime are clearly needed to improve the safety and security of the general public. Stephens (1999) reported that street crime in the United States dropped to historically low levels by the end of the 1990S. Various research studies have been conducted to empirically determine Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Holley, W., & Fazalare, M. Johnson, D. While crime in the United States in general and inmajor metropolitan areas in particular has declined in recent years,greater reductions in violent crime are clearly needed to improve thesafety and security of the general public. This gang organizationdistributed narcotics, primarily heroin, and also associated with violentcrime in poor communities. Fighting crime in Oakland. It is the view of Elizabeth Galzer (1999) that what is now needed torealize further reductions in crime is a more comprehensive strategic todeploy federal laws and organize federal resources and information. Controlling Crime With Interagency Cooperation The idea has been advanced that crime control and reduction can bestbe achieved via close cooperation and communication between the myriad lawenforcement and other criminal justice agencies and organizations thatexist at the federal, state and local levels. The Futurist, 33(8) , 18. This kind of effort seems to have thepotential to reduce crime and to bring offenders to justice. This kind of cooperation hasalso helped to reduce crime in six America cities - Boston, Ft. Worth,Denver, Hartford, San Diego, and New York. TheAmerican Enterprise, 12(2), 18-22. The Act also established a funding source toenhance the use of technology by local police departments. A permanent andmeaningful reduction in criminality necessitates changing the conditionshat breed criminality. TheFuturist, 33(9), 29-37. References Allender, D. (2 ). Lehrer, E. What is needed is amechanism that eliminates the barriers that exist between the differentlevels of law enforcement and government in the United States. The FBI also provided Lowell police officers with training,thus suggesting that the resources of the FBI could be key in reducing rimeby improving the crime fighting skills of police officer. However, Holley and Fazalare (2 ), both ofwhom are FBI agents, contend that more needs to be done to ensure that thesophisticated resources of the FBI are effectively deployed at thecommunity or city levels. Not only did the local task force functioncooperatively and bring to bear all the resources of each level ofgovernment, police of Chicago and correctional officers in state prisonhousing New Breed members provided information and assistance (Allender,2 1). It means more than simply financing the deployment ofadditional police in American communities and ore than mandatory sentencingor longer periods of incarceration for convicted felons. Wilson.Wilson theorized that neighborhoods in decline were places where residentshad lost hope and pride, where police rarely came except to make arrests,and where offenders could commit crimes with impunity. Allender (2 1) pointed out that FBI agents from several fieldOffices, along with m of the Indianapolis gang task force and policedepartment manned wiretaps for over five months and shared informationwithin their own departments as well as with police departments in Chicagoand other Midwestern cities where the New Breed had established a presence.Also cooperating were state, local, and federal prosecutors and judges inthe criminal justice system. Brookings Review, 18(3) ,54-55. Another example of successful cooperative effort wasdescribed by Allender (2 1) who reported on the Safe Streets Task Forceconcept, a program that was developed in Indianapolis to reduce gangactivity. The "get tough" policy has resulted in incarceration of greaternumbers of offenders than ever before. There are several examples of how concerted effort with ,participation by local and federal agencies can succeed in reducing localcrime rates. Weeding andseeding not only removes criminals from the street and makes the streetssafer, it also improves the quality of life enjoyed by community residentsand changes neighborhoods, making them less tolerant of deviant behaviorand less willing to permit criminals to prosper. Based on this discussion, the recommendations for creating a moreeffective crime control effort and improvements in the administration ofjustice include an enhanced weed and seed effort to be undertakennationwide. Galzer, E. When there is no direct connection or communicationbetween these agencies, resources are not being deployed in an effectivemanner. Brown, J. Given the events of September 11, 2 1, it seems imperative thatgreater cooperation between agencies be quickly achieved. Eli Lehrer (2 1) cites other cases of how cities have succeeded inforging effective partnerships between law enforcement agencies. Jerry Brown (2 ), the mayor of Oakland, California and theformer governor of the state, described the strategy used by his city toreduce homicides by , 7 percent since 1992 and to further reduce overallcrime by 2 percent in a single year. It is the final component that serves, as an example of howcooperation can work to the benefit of all: concerned. Weekly Compilation of PresidentialDocuments, 35(19), 871-874. This weed and seed initiative was developed by the FBI in combatgangs and violence and it as successful linked state local law enforcementofficers and FBI agents in man cities troubled by gang-related crime. (2 ). M. For many reasons, notevery agency knows whether another agency may be conducting a parallel andongoing investigation. This report has drawn upon the literature to illustrate how successfulcooperative ventures have functioned to good effect in the past. The communication channels between federal, state, and local lawenforcement agencies clearly require strengthening and enhancement.According to Holley and Fazalare (2 ), the FBI has begun, through itsCommunity Outreach Program (COP) and other initiatives, to forgecommunication and cooperation links with local law enforcement agencies andwith community institutions. InIndianapolis for example, task force officers targeted a violent streetgang known as the New Breed, for elimination. It is the purpose of thisreport to examine this thesis, and to present a case in favor of enhancedinteragency cooperation. It requires thedevelopment of a new mindset in which weeding out criminals is balanced byseeding communities with the resources needed to make criminality lessappealing (Stephens, 1999) .It also requires police agencies andorganizations to eliminate rivalry over turf or territory, share resourcesand information, and participate in broad-based strategic planning (Galzer,1999). What taxpayers need to know about COPS. Ingram, D. The Community Outreach Program. Puttingmore police training, and seeding efforts must be balanced the developmentof interagency cooperation. However, aseffective as this program has been, it is seen by Ingram (2 ) asinsufficient with respect to reaching its stated goals. The FBI isthe logical federal agency for creating effective partnerships between thenational government and local communities. (2 1). Insight onthe News, 16(43), 44-46. As a resultcooperation, about one-fourth of all parolees are returned to custody eachyear for violations- and their wereabouts are tracked more effectively andefficiently. The formula forchange proposed by this theorist was to weed out the immediate problem(i.e., drug dealers and addicts, public drunks, thieves, street hustlers,thugs, and gangs) by crackdowns and arrests, "sweeping" the streets clean.Once a community was "weeded, " the government was to then "seed" thecommunity with programs that assist residents in keeping their communitiesSuch programs include enterprise zones to bring in jobs, health clinics,drug rehabilitation centers, gang intervention efforts, and return hope andpride to the neighborhood (Stephens,1999). Oakland has established a police and state corrections team to monitorthe activities of individuals released from prison on parole. From terrorism togang activity, from school hostage situations to drug distributions, andfrom arson to theft, cooperation is going to be the key to both crimeprevention and intervention. In Lowell,Massachusetts, federal grants have been employed effectively to increasethe capacity of local police officers with respect to identifyingoffenders, tracking their whereabouts, assembling evidence, and gainingconvictions. (2 ). (1999) .Six safer cities. At the federal level, sophisticated resourcesare available for identifying criminal networks and offenders. (1999). In addition, there are New York Citypolice, Port Authority police, transport police, state police, and othersecurity oriented agencies operating in the city. ThePublic Interest, Issue 136, 85-86. Galzer (1999) claim that federal law enforcement agencies tend to beBalkanized in their approach to crime. Given that the responsibilities ofthese agencies are often overlapping, it is easy to understand howcompetition can emerge. A blend of crimeprevention, intervention, and community characterizes the success of thesecities. (1999) says that between 1986and 1986, each of these six cities reduced the level of crime reported topolice by rates ranging from 8 percent to 47 percent. Innovations in technology were key to the success of thiscity's program, which reduced overall crime rates by 5 percent between1994 and 1999. In large cities with effective and strategic crime policies, policedepartments rely on a unit, whose mission it is to look at the "picture".There is no equivalent of planning and development in the federal system,and the literature does not indicate that any of the individual states havesuch a unit (Galzer, 1999) .Of the enormous quantities of data compiled byfederal agencies, none used as the basis for planning strategy or tacticsat the national or local levels. The teamconsists of an Oakland police sergeant, six Oakland police officers, andtwo state parole agents. During the Clinton administration, efforts to reduce crime includedproviding the financing to local law enforcement agencies needed to placean additional 1 , police officers on the streets (Clinton, 1999).Inherent in the 21st Century Law Enforcement Safety Act was the concept ofcommunity policing that places officers on the streets and in theircommunities as safety experts. Stephens (1999) believes that weeding and seedinghas worked effectively in such places as New York City, where close coperation between local law enforcement officers and groups such as the FBIhelped to dramatically reduce street crime. Nevertheless, the message provided by he effectiveweed and seed strategies described above is that he greatest reduction incrime occurs hen competition is eliminated and prevention is positionedalongside of intervention. Ingram (2 )argues that simply placing additional officers on the street withoutcreating a national crime prevention and intervention effort will notultimately result in an appropriate reduction of crime. It works directly withpolice from the city and the state to initiate searches for paroleviolators and to return them to custody; it also shares information amongagencies with respect to potential recidivism (Brown, 2 ). Safe Streets Task Force. Stephens (1999) reported thatstreet crime in the United States dropped to historically low levels by theend of the 199 S. It is alsoimportant to note, says Johnson (1999) , that while " get tough" sentencingpolicies have removed a number of offenders from the streets and reducedcrime by lowering opportunities, the six cities named above also worked tocreate effective crime prevention mechanisms via " seeding" initiatives. (2 1). Cooperation between law enforcementagencies, as well as information and technology transfer, has the potentialto reduce crime by removing offenders from the streets. Various research studies have been conducted toempirically determine what strategies or programs account for this decline.It is the belief of Stephens (1999) that perhaps the best explanation forthe decrease in crime lies in the success of the long-dormant "Weed andSeed" movement envisioned in the 196 s by criminologist James Q. The police behind America's biggest crime drop. TheFBI Law Enforcement Program, 69(9), 6-11. The FBI LawEnforcement Bullentin, 7 (3), 1-5. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) may beinvestigating gun running out of a grocery store in which the Department ofAgriculture is investigating food stamp fraud and the NYPD is investigatingpossible drug dealing. It meets personally with each convict releasedfrom prison to the city of Oakland and keeps police officers throughout thecity informed about all parolees in it jurisdiction. Stephens (1999) asserts that community oriented policing andrestorative justice re important elements in this process. What "works" best' terms of reducing crime or controlling criminalactivity appears to be cooperation between the various agencies andorganizations that are charged with this very difficult responsibility.Part of the problem preventing closer cooperation and better communicationis, according to Galzer (1999), a very real tendency on the part of mostlaw enforcement agencies to fight over " turf" and to perceive one anotheras competitors rather than partners. In New York City, for example, thereare at least 2 federal agencies working in various areas of overlapping,as well as exclusive jurisdictions. Remarks announcing the proposed "21st Century LawEnforcement Safety Act:" May 12, 1999. How federal prosecutors can reduce crime. When FBI agents and policeofficers pool their knowledge and expertise, crime is reduced (Allender,2 1). This effort also of sophisticated information and elect provided bythe FBI. Thesetechnologies are n t always available to local police departments, which efront-line of the national law enforcement effort. Crucial to these efforts was the development of closer tiesbetween the various law enforcement agencies charged with preventing crimeor with arresting, prosecuting, and Incarcerating offenders. What was critically about theconcept is that it called upon federal, state, and local officials andagencies to work cooperatively to first identify problems and next, toameliorate those problem. Clinton, B. Preventing crime: The promising road ahead. The Oakland plan has fourcomponents: strategic community policing, careful and daily measurement ofcrime, intensive staff training, and city/state/federal supervision ofparolees. As Galzer (1999) maintains, no single investigative agency has theinterest or the ability as now constituted, to serve as an overarchingcrime control expediter. (1999). Stephens, G. Weeding and seeding requires the deployment of human and financialresources alike. (1999). If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.