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THE TRAUMA EXPERIENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.   Term Paper ID:30182 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Contends the trauma suffered by victims is harmful to the victim, families and society.... More...

6 Pages / 1350 Words 6 sources, 16 Citations, APA Format $24.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Contends the trauma suffered by victims is harmful to the victim, families and society. Definitions of domestic violence. Pattern of battering. Battered wife syndrome. Estimates of number of domestic assaults. Cycle of violence (physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, psychological attacks & economic coercion. Types of ongoing trauma (severe injuries, pain, depression). Paper Introduction: TRAUMA EXPERIENCE IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Introduction Domestic violence is a widespread phenomenon in the United States. Although domestic violence assumes several forms, most victims of domestic violence experience physical trauma and secondary outcomes stemming from the trauma experience (Feldhaus, 2001). This paper reviews the trauma experience in domestic violence. Defining Domestic Violence There are several definitions of domestic violence. One definition is that domestic violence includes all violence occurring within a home. The Family Violence Prevention Fund defines domestic violence as a pattern of assaultive and coercive behaviors — including physical, sexual, and psychological Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. A widely accepted assumption through the 196 s held that intimatepartner violence occurred only in ethnic minority and lower socioeconomicclass families. Patterns of Trauma Experience in Domestic Violence Domestic violence is a pattern of assault or coercive behaviors thatmay include physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological attacks againstan intimate partner. Domestic violence against women resulting in physical trauma ispervasive. Some experts believe that a pattern ofbattering that escalates in frequency and intensity may better characterizethe patriarchal, terroristic form of intimate partner violence (Krishnan,Hilbert, VanLeeuwen, & Kolia, 1997). M. Head injury and battered women. (2 1, April). An alternative definition is the battered wifesyndrome, which is described as a symptom complex of violence in which awoman has, at any time, received deliberate, severe, and repeated (morethan three times) injury from her husband, with the minimum injury levelbeing severe bruising (Hastings, 2 1). Most frequently, however, domestic violence refers to abuse occurringbetween intimate partners or ex-partners. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (2 ) estimates that 85-to-95percent of domestic assault victims and two-thirds of domestic murdervictims are women. Family and Community Health, 2 , 32-48.Monahan, K., & O'Leary, K. Thecycle is reactivated after a period when tensions increase or stressesresurface. Prevalence rates, case identification, and risk factors for sexual assault, physical assault, and domestic violence in men and women, Part 1. One definition isthat domestic violence includes all violence occurring within a home. Battered women seek treatment fortraumatic injuries (bruises, cuts, broken bones, and so forth) and forprimary care complaints related to the abuse (chronic headaches, abdominalpains, sleeplessness, depression, and so forth) (Acierno, Resnick, &Kilpatrick, 1997). Documenting domestic violence among ethnically diverse populations: Results from a preliminary study. Nursing forum, 36(1), 31-35.Krishnan, S. G. Although traumatic physical injuries among battered women vary widely,they often include hematomas, lacerations, contusions, fractures, headinjuries, dislocations, burns, and miscarriages. (2 ). Approximately 47 percent of men whophysically abuse their domestic partners do so three or more times a year(Krishnan, Hilbert, VanLeeuwen, & Kolia, 1997). Thebatterer may express remorse, and a period of relative calm ensues. National Crime Victimization Survey. Domestic violence has been found tobe the cause of 3 percent of injuries for women in hospital emergencydepartments (Monahan & O'Leary, 1999). Injuries such as burns, stab wounds, broken limbs, and bruisesfrequently stemming from domestic violence cause victims to undergoemergency surgery and hospitalization. One definition of a battered woman is a woman who has experiencedserious or repeated injury from the man with whom she lives. Further, such acts usually are not an isolated events.Rather, such acts typically are a part of a pattern of escalating violence. Domestic violence is the leading cause of severe physical trauma towomen. P., Hilbert, J. A cycle of violence is often discussed as an integral component of thebattered woman syndrome and the dynamics of partner assault. A range ofbehaviors are defined as battering. The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine, 18(4), 197-2 2.Hastings, D. Defining Domestic Violence There are several definitions of domestic violence. The victims of domestic violence each year in the United Statesrepresent approximately one of every 14 women in domestic partnerrelationships in the national population. Domestic violence resulting in physical trauma forvictims occurs among all races, cultures, religions, geographic regions,social classes, and occupations. C., VanLeeuwen, D., & Kolia, R. (1999, November). Physical trauma is a serious outcome of domestic violence. Where there has been murder, there has usually been a history of beating.Consequently, many such killings were predictable and, conceivably, couldhave been prevented (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2 ). D. Behavioral Medicine, 23, 53-65).Bureau of Justice Statistics. By the end of the 198 s, this assumption had beeninvalidated as research documented the fact that intimate partner violenceoccurs at all socioeconomic levels of society and among all racial andethnic categories. ReferencesAcierno, R., Resnick, H. There is an assumption underlying the cycle theory that allintimate partner violence increases in frequency and severity over time(Krishnan, Hilbert, VanLeeuwen, & Kolia, 1997). Trauma experience in domestic violence Introduction Domestic violence is a widespread phenomenon in the United States.Although domestic violence assumes several forms, most victims of domesticviolence experience physical trauma and secondary outcomes stemming fromthe trauma experience (Feldhaus, 2 1). Research also indicates thatwhen women experience trauma in an intimate relationship it is oftenongoing and continuous and manifests as a combination of a variety ofassaultive acts, abuse, and threats. Washington: United States Government Printing office.Feldhaus, K. The scope of the phenomenon involves repeated abuse.Typically, an initial incident of battering is followed by repeatedepisodes of physical abuse. This paper reviews the traumaexperience in domestic violence. S., & Kilpatrick, D. Generally, women are considered battered if they have suffered one ormore episodes of battery from a male partner or ex-partner. The trauma experienced by thevictims is harmful to victims, families, and society (Monahan & O'Leary,1999). Because of the high proportion of female victims (9 percent or more), the general perception of domestic violence is that it isa phenomenon of the victimization of women by men (Hastings, 2 1). P. Estimates "indicate that as many as one-half of women around the world have suffered violence at the hands of anintimate partner" (Hastings, 2 1, p. These behaviors include, but are notlimited to, slapping, kicking, punching, hitting, stomping, shoving, andsexual assault that result in physical trauma for the victim (Hastings,2 1). Anotherperspective delineates a cycle of battering comprising four phases, andcontends that, for battering to be present, a woman must go through thebattering cycle twice. Women who enter domestic violence shelters frequently report thatthey have received numerous blows to the head, have been unconscious forunknown periods of time, and have been in comas as a result of head trauma(Monahan & O'Leary, 1999). (2 1, January-March). 33). The New Hampshire Health Initiative on Domestic Violence. Secondary outcomes ofsuch physical trauma include choking sensations, hyperventilation, chestpain, gastrointestinal symptoms, pelvic and back pain, insomnia andfatigue, nightmares, abdominal and gastrointestinal complaints,palpitations, dizziness, atypical chest pain, fatigue, decreasedconcentration, and sexual dysfunction. The nature of abuse can bephysical, emotional, psychological, verbal, and sexual (Feldhaus, 2 1). Intimate partner violence which is relentless, cyclical, results inmeasurable physical trauma, or which becomes progressively more severe overtime, however, may not be characteristic of the majority of intimatepartner violence reported in general population surveys of families.Rather, these severe patterns may reflect the more extreme end of theintimate violence continuum. (1997, June). The cycle isheld to include a period of tension building followed by battering. TheFamily Violence Prevention Fund defines domestic violence as a pattern ofassaultive and coercive behaviors - including physical, sexual, andpsychological attacks, as well as economic coercion - that adults oradolescents use against their intimate partners (Feldhaus, 2 1). Research also has found that, in upto 85 percent of the cases of trauma resulting from domestic violence, theonset of violence did not begin until they were married to the abuser.Further, once the domestic violence occurs in a relationship, it oftenbecomes chronic (Krishnan, Hilbert, VanLeeuwen, & Kolia, 1997). There is a 35 percent prevalence rate of battered women who hadexperienced head injury during a battering incident with their intimatepartner. (1997, October). Physicaltrauma victims of domestic violence frequently are referred to as batteredwomen. Health & Social Work, 24(4), 269-278. Research indicates that women are more likely tobe attacked, raped, injured, or killed by their current or former intimatepartners than by any other class of person. More than 25 percent of the couples surveyed in the United Statesreported experiencing at least one incident of physical aggression in theirintimate relationships. Fighting domestic violence: An intervention plan. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.