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HITLER AND FRANCO.   Term Paper ID:30271 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Contends that Hitler's continued relationship with Franco was beneficial to Nazi Germany objectives.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Contends that Hitler's continued relationship with Franco was beneficial to Nazi Germany objectives. Discusses the relationship as based on a mutual desire for political power, financial prosperity and land acquisition. Hitler's role in the Spanish Civil War. Franco & "neutral" Spain aiding Hitler in World War II. Quest for power of both men. Paper Introduction: Adolph Hitler and General Francisco Franco were very much alike, according to author Gabrielle Ashford Hodges, in that their “access to unprecedented military, civil, and legal power enables them to impose the tyranny of play-ground politics upon entire nations” (52). The relationship between Hitler and Franco appears to have been largely based on a mutual desire for political power, financial prosperity, and the acquisition of strategically placed lands. Often nations who are torn as to which side to support in times of war will side with the enemies of their enemies (Tyree A17). Hitler helped Franco and his right-wing forces defeat Spain’s Popular Front army to win the Spanish civil war in April 1939, and Franco unofficially helped Nazi Germany during World War II (Bowen). Hitler had created Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Because of the peculiar nature of the Rock, small units resistance would be able to resist the strongest attacks from the air and would have to be destroyed by good and accurate artillery (Crossland).What all of this would have meant if a German force had tried to take overGibraltar, is detailed in a memorandum marked, "Secret and Personal" fromMichael Creswell, a Foreign Officer mandarin to R.J. The magical power of this image of greatness emanating from asingle human appealed to people (Bartov). Bowker, councilor atthe British embassy in San Sebastian, after the interrogation of HermannGoering in July of 1945. Though Hitler received unofficial help from Franco during the war,the failure of Franco to officially side with Germany must have been asource of great consternation to him. . pag. Goebbelswritings indicate that Spain was heavy in Hitler's thoughts. Additionally, a recently declassified 1944 U.S. http://wwws.elibrary.com.Giles, Ciaran. "Honey I shrunk the Book." Independent. pag. As Spanish nationalists tested both fascist ideology and newmilitary equipment and techniques, they were aided greatly by Hitler'spropaganda, who in turn had an interest in furthering the fascist cause andused the conflict for his own purposes. Headditionally provided the smaller Legion Azul, or Blue Legion, otherwiseknown as the Spanish Legion of Volunteers. Franco pointed out that Spain lacked the guns, ships and airplanes toprotect its coasts and cities, and needed foodstuffs. They also provided direct assistance that helped keep the Wehrmachtrolling and killing. Armystudy revealed Germany's plan for "offsetting military defeat by economicvictory" (Cleveland). He knew that his interventionwould affect German relations with other great powers, and the Spanish wardid help shift the balance of power towards Germany (Whealey). He was used to getting what hewanted, and taking by force that which could not be obtained by othermeans. "The pate firing line." The Washington Times. Contradictory images are painted of General Franco who seemed to havea profoundly elusive and contradictory personality. Muchlike Franco, to Hitler, victory, not peace was the ultimate goal (Ferrol). n. Adolf Eichmann and Josef Mengele were two notable figures who enjoyedArgentinean hospitality (Cleveland). Franco believed that Hitler's Third Reich would bevictorious but still made few concessions, avoiding commitment to enter thewar with evasive conditions like territorial vindication and the state ofthe country after the civil war (Ferrol). . Franco also supported Hitler in other ways during the war. Spain, amongst several others, provided Germanywith goods and tools (Kessel). Many neutral nations feared a Nazi invasion if they cut offGerman supplies. The war inSpain also deflected attention from Hitler's actions in weaker countieslike Austria and Czechoslovakia, as the world focused on the Spanishconflict. Germany was allowed to hide its wealth in these"neutral" countries so that after the war these assets would be availableoutside of Germany to continue the policy of world conquest. He didnothing to interfere with German spies watching British bases on Gibraltar. 28 December 1997. "Report: Spain protected undercover Nazis from Allies." The News-Times. Additionally, as many as 15, Nazis escaped to Argentina, manyof whom sent their money and families there well before the end of the war. http://wwws.elibrary.com.Ferrol, Official Web site of the Town Council of, Illustrious Celebrities of Ferrol. Hitler's support of Francoand the long resulting Spanish civil war distracted the world from Hitler'sadvancement of his own agenda. n. Often nations who are torn asto which side to support in times of war will side with the enemies oftheir enemies (Tyree A17). Adolph Hitler was "an opportunist entirely without principle"(Bartov). Report: Neutral nations' trade kept Nazi war machine going. Adolph Hitler and General Francisco Franco were very much alike,according to author Gabrielle Ashford Hodges, in that their "access tounprecedented military, civil, and legal power enables them to impose thetyranny of play-ground politics upon entire nations" (52). Hitler encouraged Franco to officially enter thewar on Germany's side; Franco remained non-committal (Tyree A17). Supporting Franco and eventuallyhaving him as an ally was a more politically astute decision for Hitlerthan having to neutralize and conquer a Communist Spain. 26 November 2 . Today, Spaindenies allegations that General Franco sold war material to Hitler inexchange for gold stolen from Jewish victims (Kessler). "Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels looks at The Spanish Civil War (Goebbel's diaries)." Historian. (herein referred to as "Cleveland") n. If Hitler had not supported Franco, and Spain had fallen to thecommunists, Portugal and the greater part of South America would follow,and the Third Reich would thereby lose access to raw materials.Additionally, Hitler fostered the relationship with Franco to use Spain asa propaganda forum from which he could attack the perceived threat ofcommunism (Whealey). It explicitly states that Franco was at the pointof joining Hitler at one point (Crossland). Franco officially took no side in the war, oscillating betweenprotesting that he had espoused a Christian democracy to the Allies andsomewhat aggrieved complaints that at least Hitler had given him therespect he deserved, though the latter was probably somewhat wishfulthinking on his part (Hodges 51). n. 7 March 1997. CNN. He did not feel thathis "indebtedness" to Hitler mandated he take an official position in thewar, falling back on the fact that the Germans supported him in the Spanishcivil war for their own reasons, not wanting a "Bolshevik" power in Spain(Tyree A17). The Allied Forces protestedthis neutrality violation, and as the tide of the war began to turn againstHitler, Franco caved in to Allied pressure and agreed to end further aid toGermany in 1944 (Bowen). Others thatFranco protected for Hitler included Rudolf von Merode, who tortured andkilled many French citizens in his ice baths; Walter Junghanns, a Gestapoagent in Madrid who hid bombs in orange crates being shipped from theSpanish port of Valencia to Britain; Hans Becker Wolf, a Nazi party memberin Barcelona who forcibly repatriated non-Nazi Germans during the war, andmany, many others (Giles). n. 31 March 1997. http://www.newstimes.com/archive97/mar3197/ing.htm.Hodges, Gabrielle Ashford. Hitler had access to Spanish lands for militarypurposes, the promotion of carefully selected propaganda, and a supply ofraw materials. He keptHitler at bay through his unofficial help during the war, his non-threatening ideologies, and his failure to officially commit to the Alliesas well. pag. Hitler usedSpain as a training ground for Nazi army, navy and air forces. Though thereis no evidence they fled to Spain, those already in Spain were allowed tohelp other Nazis move to Latin America and North America. Franco was likely drawn toHitler for some of these same reasons that so many others were enthralledby him. n. his essential characteristic was the pursuit of brute power (Bartov).Hitler's relationship with Franco was essentially one that he believedwould help ensure this pursuit of brute power. http://wwws.elibrary.com.Jackson, Paul. Hitler helped Franco and his right-wing forcesdefeat Spain's Popular Front army to win the Spanish civil war in April1939, and Franco unofficially helped Nazi Germany during World War II(Bowen). Franz Liesau Zacharias, one such agent, whose job for Hitler's spy agencywas to obtain monkeys and other animals from Spain's colonies in Africa.These animals were used for experiments in Germany aimed at manufacturingkiller diseases to be unleashed on concentration camp inmates. 12 March 2 1. Recent reports detailwhat Nazi Germany bought with the gold German troops confiscated fromHolocaust victims and looted from the central banks of occupied nations(Kessel). Hitler's continued relationship withFranco was very beneficial to the advancement of virtually all of NaziGermany's objectives. (herein referred to as "Ferrol"). Foreign office papers reveal a conspiracy between Hitler andFranco to seize Gibraltar in 194 . http://wwws.elibrary.com.Kessler, Jerrold; Associated Press. Author Paul Jackson suggests another reason that Hitler may havealigned himself with General Franco and assisted his efforts in theSpanish civil war. Hitler had this same ability to "act as if he were someoneelse" to suit his objectives at different times during his reign ofdestruction (Hodges 51). From late in 1943 until the end ofthe war, hundreds of Spaniards were still allowed to enlist in the Waffen-SS, (militarized units of the SS) and the German army, leaving their homesand families to serve loyally Nazi Germany. http://www.ferrol-concello.es/eng/cometoferrol/discoverus/ celebrities/franco.html."Germany's other 'neutral' allies." Cleveland Jewish News. Bartov discusses the earliest account of Hitler's rise to power,written by Konrad Heiden and published in 1944, in which he wrote thatHitler was able to essentially enslave even his own people because heseemed to give them something that even religion failed to provide, thebelief in a meaning to existence beyond self-interest. At the end of the war, many Nazis fled Germanyto Paraguay, Argentina, and other South American countries. n. http://wwws.elibrary.com.Crossland, John. General Franco also protected over a hundred Nazi secret agents inSpain whom the Allies sought near the end of World War II. Hitler's initial commitment was approximately one short weekafter the outbreak of the war in Spain, when he enthusiastically decided tointervene on Franco's side with 26 planes and 85 men. This involvedinvesting in industries, banks, insurance firms and other commercialventures (Cleveland). If Francohad failed, Hitler would have invaded communist Spain and knocked off theBritish enclave of Gibraltar, taking away Britain's power over the Straitsof Gibraltar and the British military's access to the Mediterranean.Franco's victory ensured that the Allies retained open military access tothe Mediterranean (Jackson). Heis praised for his powers of political manipulation and ruthlessness, andhe is attacked for his hesitancy, caution and naivete. Heallowed German tankers to use his harbors to refuel U-boats. pag. Franco told Hitler in a letter dated September 22,194 , "The first action of our belligerency must be the occupation ofGibraltar." He went on to say that we, on our side, have been secretly preparing this operation for a long time. The diaries of Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's propaganda minister from1933 to 1945, reveal additional reasons for Hitler's continued relationshipwith Franco. In addition to political power, financial prosperity was a concernfor both Hitler and Franco and another reason Hitler maintained hisrelationship with the Spanish General. Hitler has been described as a "man of obscure origins and dubiouscredentials" who became the absolute ruler of a powerful nation (Bartov).Author Omer Bartov portrays him as a person whose genius was rooted inutter wickedness, whose greatness was accompanied by doses of mediocrity,who almost changed the order of things with destruction but wasnevertheless self-centered, only semi-educated, lazy, and hypochondriacal(Bartov). These included such items as foodstuffs,wool, hides, blankets, and chemicals (Cleveland). This official withdrawal, however, did not endSpanish involvement in World War II. http://www.cnn.com/US/98 6/ 2/us.nazi.gold/.Tyree, Benjamin P. He showed both consistency and an astonishing power of will in pursuing his aims. "Franco and Hitler plotted for Gibraltar Papers destroy the myth of Spanish 'neutrality.'" The Sunday Telegraph. http://wwws.elibrary.com.Whealey, Robert H. 13 August 2 . The memo quoted Goering as saying thatfifteen divisions, including flak corps and parachute divisions were linedup to bombard Gibraltar. Ironically,Jackson believes Franco actually ensured victory for the Allies. pag. Recently, transcripts have surfaced which detail messages betweenHitler and General Franco, which further destroy the myth of Spanishneutrality. Franco also sent troops to fight alongside the German army against Russiaon the eastern front (Cleveland). While Spain remained officially neutral throughoutWorld War II, Franco on his own initiative provided soldiers, known as theBlue Division, and an air squadron to help the Nazis in the war. Works CitedBartov, Omer. Ultimately, the planswere put on hold until after the invasion of Russia, and foundered becauseHitler would not agree to Franco's demand for control over French Moroccoand his share of the spoils from France's defeat at German hands in June of194 (Crossland). 14 Septemeber 1999. Hitler had created in this Spanish leader one of his greatestadmirers (Hodges 51). Hitler likely found thisability to play of variety of roles with significant plausibilityappealing. pag. Once Gibraltar is in Spanish possession the westernMediterranean will cease to be a sphere of operations for the BritishFleet" (Crossland). Cynical and calculating in the exploitation of his histrionic gifts, he retained an unshakeable belief in his historical role and in himself as a creature of destiny. pag. Neutral nations, while also doingbusiness with Allied forces, kept Nazi Germany running through millions ofdollars worth of business. pag. Hitler knew Franco'sideology came from fascism and nationalism and was the ideology of a manwith culture, limited economic training, and political ideas rooted in hisexperience in military life (Ferrol). http://www.findarticles.com/cf_1/m2 82/ /2_61/54468157/print.jhtml. His son said that hiscollaboration with the Germans was no secret; he had contacts with thecrews of Spanish sailing boats sailing to New York and Buenos Aires(Giles). Hitler wrote to him, "Spain'sparticipation in the war must begin with the expulsion of the British Fleetfrom Gibraltar. Six hundred 88mm anti-aircraft guns and many hugespecially constructed 8 cm guns and smaller 6 cm guns were to be used. "Allies Owed Much to Franco / Rehabilitation of Image Long Overdue." The Calgary Sun. n. If the Republicans, who shipped the majority of thenation's gold reserves to Stalin's bank account in Moscow, had won thecivil war, they would have turned Spain into a full-fledged communist stateand aligned it with the Soviet Union (Jackson). He is described attimes as very mediocre and at other times as startlingly skillful;sometimes as single-minded and determined and sometimes as ambivalent. Hitler further acted as Franco's ally inhelping his army by sending Spain fighter-planes and pilots, known as theCondor Legion (Giles). One such agent,Otto Hinrichsen, was an agent in northern Spain. Nazis who were allowed to remain in Germany provided ameans for war criminals to escape to other Spanish-speaking nations.Acceptance of monies acquired through looting conquered nations andplundering Holocaust victims in exchange for Nazi supplies was made moresecure by this ongoing relationship. Franco allowing this continuedsupport of Hitler's efforts would eventually result in his regime beingbranded a collaborationist state and politically isolated the country untilthe mid-195 's (Bowen). The interrogation of Goering revealed that there would likely be aninvasion if Franco vacillated. People realizedthat the devil was preferable to the emptiness of an existence that lackeda larger significance (Bartov). In 1997, thelist of the 1 4 agents who Franco refused to hand over was published in aMadrid newspaper, and all but one of the agents are believed dead (Giles). 2 June 1998. The8 cm guns were supposedly on rail cars and ready to roll through Spain(Crossland). n. In his quest for power, Franco waslikely just another means to for Hitler to achieve his goals. n. Winter 1999. His super ego likely caused to him to view Franco as one of themost powerful rulers of Spain in large part due to his support during theSpanish civil war. Franco's victory assured that Spain wouldnot align itself with the Soviet Union and together, as a communist power,threaten Germany. Franco was fully prepared to sanction amassive German raid from the Spanish side. Despite his short,skinny build, squeaky voice, and feminine mannerisms, he ascended themilitary hierarchy like a rocket (Hodges 51). pag. General Franco received a tremendous amount of support from Hitler inhis successful revolt against the democratically elected leftistgovernment, which left him somewhat indebted to Germany at the end of thewar (Bowen). Spain and theother "neutral nations" laundered stolen gold and currency for the Nazis,converting it to hard currency or trading it for needed goods and services. As a result ofdiscussions later that year during the Olympic games in Germany, analliance was hammered out between the Germans, Italians, and Spaniards, themain purpose of which for the Germans was to check British influence inSpain and France (Whealey). He goes on to explain that Hitler had theability to metamorphose himself from a "timid man with contractedshoulders" into a "thundering demon," either in personal conversations orhuge crowds. For instance, Spain and Portugal provided nearly all ofGermany's tungsten, used to produce weapons-grade steel. Therelationship between Hitler and Franco appears to have been largely basedon a mutual desire for political power, financial prosperity, and theacquisition of strategically placed lands. Both Hitler and Franco recognized the tremendous importanceof controlling the strategically located Gibraltar. Additionally, Churchill warned that if Spain ended herneutrality, the Royal Navy would lay siege to the Canary Islands(Crossland). "A Man Without Qualities." The New Republic. Adolph Hitler met with General Franco in 194 at Hendaye, France,near the Spanish border. pag. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.