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L.A. Architecture and Architects   Term Paper ID:38182 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: This paper provides an analysis of four periods of architecture and four architects whose ...... More...

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Paper Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of four periods of architecture and four architects whose designs represented key styles that arose in Los Angeles during the 20th century: Irving Gill (mission revival); Frank Lloyd Wright (early modernism); Richard Neutra (international style modernism); and Frank Gehry (post-modernism). Includes an appendix with a work from each architect. Paper Introduction: L A Architecture Architects Introduction During the twentieth century a number of different architecturestyles and architects left their imprint on the greater Los Angeles area While a good part of this development was regional in nature with respectto architectural style and design the whole range of modern architectureand its development are also represented via architects like Irving Gill Frank Lloyd Wright Richard Neutra and Frank Gehry Gill\'s missionrevival style of architecture Wright\'s early modernism Neutra\'smodernism and Gehry\'s post-modernism are all reflected in Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. 1). Architecture & Architects Introduction During the twentieth century a number of different architecturestyles and architects left their imprint on the greater Los Angeles area.While a good part of this development was regional in nature with respectto architectural style and design, the whole range of modern architectureand its development are also represented via architects like Irving Gill,Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra, and Frank Gehry. In addition, the concrete cantilevers have not withstoodthe earthquakes that are typical in the area. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 1 October 2 6 at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Gill, 1-3.Richard Neutra. Retrieved on 1 October 2 6 at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neutra, 1-2.Dupre, J. According to Judith Dupre, thebuilding "has racked up a list of superlatives...tallest tower in LosAngeles, tallest tower on the West Coast, and the tallest tower anywhere ina seismic zone" (p. 1). 1). Unlike many of Wright's residences, Neutra's were bothaesthetically pleasing and livable. Gill was influential in helping bring about the mission revival,with the Walter Luther Dodge House in West Hollywood representing thisminimalist and southwestern influenced style (See Appendix One).Characteristic of the architect's best work, this structure exhibits theflat roof, unity of materials, casement and transom windows, cubist form,and white colors associated with Gill's style and design. One of them set his binoculars down on the model. New York: Workman Publishing Company. It is readily apparent that though manyarchitecture developments occurred in this region, they were primarilycharacteristic of the development of modern architecture during thetwentieth century.APPENDICESONE[pic]Irving Gill, Walter Luther Dodge House, Los Angeles, 1914-1916TWO[pic]Frank Lloyd Wright, Hollyhock House, Los Feliz, 1919-1921THREE[pic]Richard Neutra, Akai House, Los Angeles, 1961FOUR[pic]Frank Gehry, Chiat/Day Building, Venice, 2 5ReferencesFrank Gehry. Wright's first project in Los Angeles is the Hollyhock Housein Los Feliz, originally designed as a residence for oil heiress AlineBarnsdall in 1919-1921 (See Appendix Two). 1). His works are in the international-stylemodernist mode, a "blend of Art, landscape and practical comfort" (Richard,2 6, p. Wright designed the house so that the hollyhock isthe central motif of the home, with many decorative features resembling the"plant's symmetry and length" (Hollyhock, 2 6, p. Gill believed architecture had a social impact and he worked on manyprojects important to minorities like his work on Native Americanreservations, African American churches, and residences for Mexican migrantworkers. Unfortunately, as with many residences Wright designed, HollyhockHouse "proved to be better as an aesthetic work than as a livable dwelling"(Hollyhock, 2 6, p. 2). (2 6). As is also characteristic of many of Wright's structures, HollyhockHouse features a series of steps and terraces with a complicated system ofsplit levels. Wikipedia. From the historical missionstyle of Gill to the playful and even whimsical style of Gehry, architectscontinue to create unique designs and structures that fit in with theunique region that is Los Angeles. As early modernism gave rise to international-style modernism, otherarchitects began to leave their imprint on Los Angeles. Neutra went so far asto provide his clients with detailed questionnaires in order to determinetheir exact needs and desires. Gehry liked thelook of it so much that he decided to incorporate it into the finishedbuilding. Moving to San Diego in thelate 18 s, Gill opened his own practice and became "a pioneer in rational,early modernist design" in both residences and commercial structures(Irving, 2 6, p. The early modernists in Los Angeles include Frank Lloyd Wright,whose designs featured many of the cubist elements used by Gill and othersin the area. Gehry's designs are truly embeddedin Los Angeles culture, often displaying a certain pop-art or whimsicaldesign and appearance. Wikipedia. 2). Gehry is one of the most sought after architects, with hisbuildings considered "a badge of distinction" to recipient individuals orcities (Frank, 2 6, p. One of these was Irving Gill, a house carpenter and farmer.With no formal education, he apprenticed to architect Ellis G. The rise of post-modernism in architecture brought with it the likesof Frank Gehry, an architect known for "his sculptural approach to buildingdesign and for constructing curvaceous structures, often covered withreflective metal" (Frank, 2 6, p. One of the best examples of this is one of Gehry'slatest structures, the Chiat/Day Building in Venice (See Appendix Four).During the design of the structure, two other architects were working withGehry. Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Famous and Important skyscrapers. 1). One of these wasRichard Neutra. Likewise, Wrightdesigned a moat so that water flows from a courtyard pool through anunderground tunnel to the inside moat and back out to a fountain. Hall andworked in Chicago with Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan, where Frank LloydWright also worked at the time (Irving, 2 6). Whether his motel nestled on abluff in Malibu over the Pacific or the Akai House perched in a grovesetting, Neutra's works give the appearance of blending into their naturalsurroundings in an aesthetically pleasing manner. (1996). A prime example of this is the AkaiHouse in Los Angeles (See Appendix Three). Conclusion The unique utopia/dystopia that is urban Los Angeles continues to beshaped by a new kind of urbanism and style of living that is reflected inarchitecture. 1 1). Water would often flow over the lawn and into theliving room and the flat roof terraces did not take into consideration LosAngeles' rains. L.A. Completed in 199 by Pei, Cobb, Freed andPartners, the building demonstrates the ability of contemporary architectsto take advantage of technologies that ensure the First Interstate towercan withstand an 8.3 magnitude earthquake. This home demonstrates anothercharacteristic Neutra remained fond of, nestling his buildings andresidences into the surrounding landscape. The house also features many of the unique design elementsWright lent to his creations, included "exterior walls that are tilted backat 85 degrees" to help lend it a "Mayan" appearance (Hollyhock, 2 6, p.1). Ultimately weary of the costsof construction and maintaining the residence, Barnsdall donated thebuilding to the City of Los Angeles in 1927 (Hollyhock, 2 6). One remarkable newcomer to the Los Angeles skyline is theFirst Interstate Bank World Center. Retrieved on 1 October 2 6 at:Irving Gill. (2 6). His twisted and warped forms in his structuresare highly expressive of late modernism. Gill's missionrevival style of architecture, Wright's early modernism, Neutra'smodernism, and Gehry's post-modernism are all reflected in their works inLos Angeles, a regional development that also characterizes the developmentof modern architecture during the 2 th century. As tastes inarchitecture began to change, Gill began to add "Art Deco or 'Moderne'touches" to his work but illness and reluctance to design works accordingto his client's tastes were responsible for declining output from Gillafter 192 (Irving, 2 6, p. 1). Retrieved on 1 October 2 6 at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gehry, 1-8.Hollyhock House. The designof Hollyhock House shows many of Wright's characteristic features,including massive concrete or stone shapes, along with the use of naturalfeatures like water. Wikipedia. (2 6). Body Depending on the era and school of architecture, many architects inLos Angeles relied on historical influences in their designs andstructures. Neutra was unique among architects in the way that he gavehis entire self over to "defining the real needs of his clients...incontrast to other architects, who would often do everything to impose theirartistic vision on a client" (Richard, 2 6, p. (2 6). 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